Nursing Philosophy Essay

Nursing Philosophy, Model, and Theory Discussion Question Jennifer Gauze, Kathy Hatfield, Karen Hunt, Rina Lacombe, Jillian Morrow, Stephanie Yates Theories and Models of Nursing Practice May Thirteenth, 2013 Mary McGill Nursing Philosophy, Model, and Theory Discussion Question In this paper we are going to discuss three different theorists, Dorthea Orem, Ida Orlando, and Betty Neuman. We will discuss how their theories expand our view of the nursing process and now they fit during our workday. Dorthea Orem believed that people have the innate ability for self-care (Simmons, 2009). It is our duty as nurses to encourage, and promote self-care though patient teaching. This is critical to maximize our patient’s health. We are to make sure patients can meet their basic needs by participating in their care. Simmons, L. (2009). Dorthea orem’s self care theory as related to nursing practice in hemodialysis. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 36(4), 419-21. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/216533281? accountid=35812 Ida Jean Orlando’s theory focuses on how nurses process observations and respond based on the interactions with their patients. Orlando’s theory differentiates between automatic and deliberate action (Alligood, 2010). Orlando’s theory of deliberative nursing process is important in the planning stage. Planning verses automatic action is crucial to ensure the desired outcomes in implementing care for patients. Taking time to process the observations made during the nurse-patient interaction  assists  in planning  individualized patient care based on the needs  that are identified  for that specific patient. Surrounding the core are the patient’s lines of defense which function to help maintain stability. Anything, internally or externally, can disrupt lines of defense resulting in illness, injury, or depression. As nurses, we work to repair the broken lines of defense and to strengthen and maintain existing ones while keeping the core in mind as our main focus. Neuman’s theory correlates with the nursing process. We must first assess our patients to determine broken lines of defense. We then make a plan with a goal to repair broken lines of defense and carry out our plan. Evaluation of the patient is an ongoing process. We must look at our result and determine if our interventions are effective or not. As we carry out our nursing care plan, the patient’s lines of defense should become stronger. ( Jillian ) Alligood, M. R. (2010). Nursing theory: Utilization & application (4th ed. ). Maryland Heights, MO: Mosby Elsevier. Retrieved from University of Phoenix University Library

Efe Matrix

External Audit The external audit is an effective way for Ford to locate areas that their company can improve. These areas are called opportunities and threats. In order to create an external audit, Ford will need to look at several key external forces that play an important role in the company’s future. Ford will need to look for forces that include: Economic Forces, Social, Cultural, and Demographic Forces, Political, Governmental, and Legal Forces, Technological Forces, and Competitive Forces.Once these forces have been located, they will be placed into a category of opportunity, which will help the Ford, or it will be placed in the Threats category, which can hurt Ford. Opportunities Companies should always capitalize on opportunities because they are the forces that will help the company obtain more revenue, or increase their industry market share. Opportunities are the positive external forces that Ford will need to develop strategies in order to continue the companyâ₠¬â„¢s success. Below are the opportunities Ford needs to capitalize. Refusing Bailout MoneyWhen the economy took a down turn many companies started having cash flow problems. Several automakers like General Motors and Chrystal, took bailout money in 2008 from the United States government in order to keep their company from financial ruin. These companies took 24. 9 billion dollars in bailout money. Ford was the only American automaker that did not take money from the government in order to combat the worst sales downturn in recent years. Industry Shifts towards Hybrids and Small Vehicles With gas prices sky rocketing, consumers are looking for more fuel efficient vehicles and cars the run on electric instead of fuel.Ford has heard consumer concerns and has been improving their cars fuel efficiency. Ford now has several hybrid cars, like the Fusion, and SUVs. Along with smaller more fuel efficient cars like the Focus with 28 MPG in the city and 20 MPG on the highway. Toyota’s 4. 4 Billion Dollar Loss One of Ford biggest competitors Toyota seemed unstoppable until the company began having major issues with one of their most popular cars the Prius. The problems with the Prius and the economic downturn caused Toyota to reported their first every net loss of 4. 4 billion dollars in 2009.Toyota also warned that might fall deeper into debt in 2010. Ford and BP Join Forces to Produce Hydrogen In 2004, BP and Ford joined forces to try and bring the United States closer to having a hydrogen economy. In order to accomplish this task Ford will be building 30 hydrogen-powered Focus Fuel-Cell Vehicles. The vehicles will be split between three cities, and BP will be building hydrogen fueling centers to help evaluate the cars each time they refuel. Ford and BP continue working to improve this technology. There is talk of having hydrogen cars available to consumers in three years. 010 Fusion Sets Records for the 5th Month Ford’s Fusion car has been their top sell ing vehicle since its introduction in 2006. The Fusion continues to improve with options of the hybrid model. The vehicle has received awards like the Most Reliable Family Car –from independent reliability and owner satisfaction survey data, Most Dependable Midsize Car – J. D. Power and Associates, Motor Trend’s 2010 Car of the Year – a highly coveted industry accolade, and the 2010 North American Car of the Year – awarded by a jury of top automotive journalists.Sales of the Fusion continue to be on the rise. Sales have risen to 219,219 for an 11. 9 percent share of the industry, giving Ford an increase in sales of 54 percent in 2010, while Toyota Camry has a 27 percent decline in sales and Honda Accord sales dropped 20 percent. Threats Threats are the negative external forces which could hurt the company. Companies will always need to minimize threats as they are the forces that will hinder a company’s goals and could hurt the companyâ€⠄¢s bottom line. Below are the threats that Ford will need to minimize. Economic CrisisIn 2008 the economy starting having issues because of rising oil prices and unemployment, increased unemployment, a decline in dollar value, global inflation, a horrible housing market, and terrible mortgage crisis. Many companies started to have cash flow problem. Many companies like Ford had to close several manufacturing plants, laying off thousands of individuals, which hinders the improvement of the economy. Consumer Confidence is Low Recent car accidents have led to low consumer confidence in the auto industry. These accidents have caused the lowest consumer confidence in 40 years.The entire auto industry needs to be concerned with consumer confidence since this will hurt their profits. Rising Gas Prices With gas prices are on the rise, people are looking for ways to save their money. Since 2000 gas prices have gone from 1. 51 to 3. 85 with no end in sight. Consumers are every concerned that all their money is going to fuel up their vehicles. The United States government has stepped in to require the auto industry to improve their vehicles miles per gallon. Foreign Automakers Market Shares are high In the past most foreign cars have my luxury vehicles created by Mercedes, BMW, and Lexus.Recently Toyota, Nissan, and Honda have been able to take a larger share of the industry by creating practical and affordable vehicles. Toyota has the held the second spot in the auto industry for 2008 and 2009. Honda held the fourth spot from 2008 through 2010. Both companies are tough competition for U. S. automakers. Ford has been in tough competition with Toyota for the second share of the industry. Competitor with Luxury Hybrid Hybrids have become very popular in the last couple of years since the price of oil has skyrocketed.Recently companies that specialized in more luxurious car models have been coming out with a luxury hybrid. U. S. News has ranked the best luxury hybrids with Mercedes, BMW, and Porsche taking all the top spots. EFE Matrix The external factor evaluation matrix helps companies, like Ford, to understand and evaluate their external opportunities and threats from nine different categories. The categories include: economic, social, cultural, demographic, environmental, political, governmental, legal, technological, and competitive information.If a firm has taken advantage of all opportunities and minimized all threats, then the company current strategy would be working as they had hoped. However this is not always the case. The EFE Matrix is a great way for companies to evaluate how their strategy is working for external opportunities and threats and to make improvements when necessary. To create an EFE Matrix a company must find the key factors, opportunities and threats, that will show what the company has encountered. First the company will need to find the key opportunities and then the threats.Next, companies will need to decide how to w eigh each of the key factors. All of the key factor weights must add up to 1. Then the key factors will need to have a rating of 1 to 4. Rating indicates how well strategies are working. A rating of 1 indicates a poor performance, while a rating of 4 indicates a superior performance. After figuring out the weight and rating, companies need to multiply the weight by the rating to find the weighted score. Once that step is complete, add all the weighted scores together and find the total weighted score also known as â€Å"the magic number†.The highest magic number possible is 4 with the lowest being a 1. Ford Motor Company’s EFE Matrix is shown below. EFE Matrix for Ford Motor Company OpportunitiesWeightRatingWeighted Score Refusing bailout money5%30. 15 Industry shifts toward hybrids and small vehicles2%10. 02 Toyota 4. 4 billion dollar loss20%40. 8 Ford and BP joint forces to produce hydrogen power4%20. 08 2010 Fusion set records for 5th Month1%10. 01 Threats Economic Crisis30%41. 2 Consumer confidence is low5%30. 15 Rising Gas Prices30%41. 2 Foreign automakers market shares are high2%10. 02Competitor with first luxury hybrid 1%10. 01 (1) Poor, (2) Average, (3) Above Average, (4) Superior Total Weighted Score100%3. 64 Ford’s EFE Matrix total weighted score is a 3. 64. Meaning the Ford’s strategy is helping them take the majority of opportunities presented to them, while doing a great job of dealing with threats. One of the opportunities taken by Ford was Toyota losing billions of dollars during their Prius difficulty. Ford also did a smart thing by not taking any bailout money from the government. Most customers appreciated this move, meaning Ford was able to capitalize on this opportunity.However to improve their magic number Ford will need to readdress their strategy related to industry shifts and continue to have their vehicles set records. When looking at Fords threats, Ford has had a good strategy for dealing with the economic crisis by cutting costs, which meant closing several manufacturing plants. This was not a popular decision but it needed to be done for Ford to survive the economic downturn. One of the ways to show that Ford dealt with the economic crisis well is their refusal to take bailout money. Ford faced another challenge head on with rising gas prices.When gas prices started to rise Ford started creating more fuel efficient cars like the Ford Focus and Fiesta, and began working on improving the gas mileage in their truck line. Ford also began putting smart technology in their vehicles. However, several threats still need to be addressed by Ford. Ford needs to be concerned with foreign automakers like Kia and Hyundai taking more and more of the market shares. Ford also needs to combine fuel efficiency with luxury to compete with their competition. Overall EFE Matrix shows Ford’s Strategy is working and only needs to consider a few changes.

Prominent Leader

A Prominent National Leader Of My Country As an initiator of sweeping reforms, Dr Mahathir bin Mohamad stands head and shoulders above his predecessors. The winds of change brought about by this tough leader have touched every aspect of Malaysian life, economic, social, political and cultural. Born in Alor Star on 20th December 1925, Dr Mahathir received is early education in Maktab Sultan Abdul Hamid. After completing his secondary education, he took up medicine at the King Edward VII College of Medicine in the University of Singapore and graduated with an MBBS degree in medicine.Even in his student days, Dr Mahathir was an active UMNO member. In 1964, he became the Member of Parliament for Alor Star and this marked his entry into the political arena. He held a member of portfolios before becoming the Prime Minister. Among them were his appointment as the Minister of Education and as the Minister of Trade and Industry. After a short period as the Deputy Prime Minister, he finally to ok over the reins of the government on 16th July 1981. During his contract as the premier, the country has undergone a complete transformation.Upon taking office as Prime Minister, he restored the whole political machinery to make it more dynamic and effective. The most notable achievement in the political arena is the corporatization of government agencies to cut the government’s operation costs and to generate more revenue. Among the many policies he has introduced is the Look East Policy, where Malaysian were urged to emulate the work ethics of the success oriented Japanese and Koreans. A realistic leader, Dr Mahathir imagined that Malaysia could attain the status of a developed nation only if there was a switch from the agriculture-based economy to an industrial one.In 1991, he announced his most ambitious vision, the Vision 2020 as a roadmap to a fully developed country. The Mahathir era is marked with numerous notable achievements. The introduction of the countryâ€℠¢s first national car, the Proton Saga followed by the Perodua Kancil; the building of a new airport in Sepang, reputedly the largest in the Asia Pacific region; the building of the Formula One racing circuit and the building of the Petronas Twin Towers the tallest buildings in the world from 1998 to 2004 until surpassed by Taipei 101, but remain the tallest twin buildings in the world. are al feather in his cap of success. In 1999, the government moved to the new administrative capital, Putrajaya. In the international arena too, Dr Mahathir has left his mark. Open and outspoken by nature, his strong attack on the imcompetence and inaction of world bodies have won him both international praise as well as criticism. Tun Dr. Mahathir stepped down as Prime Minister on 31 October, 2003. Dr. Mahathir has done the nation proud and there is no doubt that he will go down in the annals of Malaysian history as the Father of Modernization.

Adult Learners in Higher Education and Training Essay

Adult Learners in Higher Education and Training - Essay Example Therefore, contract learning aims at assigning more learning input from student rather than making learning teacher centered. Knowles further notes that the use of contract learning will help solve some learning problems by reducing the wide different gap between different learning groups among the adult learners. The essence of the learning contract is because learning institutions often receive people or learners from different backgrounds, with varied interest, previous experiences, lifestyle, learning styles, learning speeds, and outside commitments. Knowles noted that didactic is the sure way to all these interests since this teaching will aim at the middle (Knowles, 1986). Notably, concentrating at the middle will pull students at the lower end towards the middle so that they are not left far behind and those at the top will not be extremely bored. The contract learning is to assist student structure their own learning towards meeting the learning or educational needs (Knowles, 1995). Developing learning contract often requires a sense of cognitive and personal learning styles. There is also need for the teacher to diagnose his or her personal learning needs in relation to what the students need. This will also help in projecting the expectation at the end of the learning contract. Finally, there is a need for the teacher for formulate specific objects to be accomplished after the learning contract. Knowles, M. S. (1995).  Designs for adult learning: Practical resources, exercises, and course outlines from the father of adult learning. Alexandria, VA: American Society for Training and Development

Cultural Group of a Barber Salon Research Paper

Cultural Group of a Barber Salon - Research Paper Example raphic trends had a negative impact on these businesses which faced a decline after a loss in their target customers due to the war recruitments, depression era recession and the development of convenient home based grooming tools such as the Gillette disposable razor and mass produced home hair cutting kits (Brett, 2008). The traditional barber shops catering to only male staff were largely replaced in the 1970’s and 80’s by uni sex cosmetic centers like â€Å"SuperCuts† which had none of the culture aimed specifically at the male customers. However, this is not to say that these establishments vanished from social centers completely, a combination of nostalgic and cultural attachments as well as a basic service needs have allowed niche shops and centers to operate. Now, the rise in male grooming culture has created a revival of modern barber shops in the past few decades. While the conventional Barber Salons, personified by their 3-4 chair lineup, broad window displays and wood furnishings and all male staff are no longer the most popular form of the business set up, vestiges of the traditional set up can still be found in the new service centers. Modern Barber Salons can be now be divided into several sub-cultures, each with its own unique offerings, culture, ambiance and target customers. The first category belongs to Barber shops owned and operated by African American businessmen and catering mainly to the black populations. The barber shop has an intertwined history with the slave age and segregation era, where black slaves were trained with the skills to provide grooming services to the colonial land owners and plantation families (Holliday, 2013). With the evolution of civil rights and changing cultural ideologies, these black barbers became the country’s first business owners in their segregated neighborhoods, providing necessary services to the men of their communities. Even today, there are Black barber shops in inner city areas which act as

In your own practice, which of the classification systems would be Essay

In your own practice, which of the classification systems would be most advantageous - Essay Example As nursing developed into more of a calling and a profession, it also became clear that there needed to be a standard of nursing classification languages which would be readable through all the disciplines, not only for understanding cases and diagnoses, but also to help those who were conducting research and needed to be able to pick up the terms during case research. Currently, there are three nursing classification languages commonly in use and are also internationally based, helping with evidence-based communications across borders and also across the classifications. They are utilized within the standardized nursing languages (SNL) which consist of three components: assessment, problem identification and problem management (Allred, Smith & Flowers, 2004). The organization was founded in the U.S.A. in 1982, based on the National Conference Group task force that first organized in 1973 to develop a cohesive system for notating diagnoses. In 2002, NANDA became an international group, thus opening the doors to a more global sharing of over 200 evidence-based diagnoses through a common standardized nursing language (NANDA, 2012, web). This is used in addressing patient symptoms and reactions to illnesses and injuries and is recorded by nurses through a system of problems, etiology and signs/symptoms (PES). An example of a statement for a patient who has dizziness (problem) is that there is a lack of water intake under heavy physical exertion (etiology) and the patient has dry mouth and very little urine flow (signs) (Allred et al, 2004, p. 57). The NOC is comprised of over 190 patient outcomes that nurses can refer to and it is a three-layer processing system of seven domains, 29 classes of outcomes and 260 final outcomes. These are concerned with information regarding the patient’s surroundings and environment that encompasses family members, community and each has an assigned

Writing a memoir Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Writing a memoir - Essay Example I once came face to face with my own feelings toward a bully that made me reassess my own ability to feel empathy toward someone who had never done anything but expressed profound hatred toward me and others. This bully's name was Fidel and he had a habit of picking on people. One day a kid fought back and Fidel was on the receiving end of a good old-fashioned whooping. My sympathy went toward Fidel who had been such a perfect model of a bully rather than the little kid who had avenged us all. Why Why on earth did I suddenly feel this compassion toward a person for whom I had never felt anything but contempt I realized that day that the mind is far more than a mystery; it is a comic mystery, forever capable of upending expectations. What I learned from feeling an unexpected depth of emotion toward someone that I normally feared and despised was that placing some kind of expectation upon emotions is senseless. Whenever I hear someone say something like "nobody would ever react in such and such a way" what they are really saying is everybody reacts the same way to every circumstance. My compassion for a brutal bully allows me to laugh at people expressing such remarkably unimaginative beliefs. The experience with Fidel and the intrusio

BOOK REPORT HUMAN SEXUALITY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

BOOK REPORT HUMAN SEXUALITY - Essay Example The author offers practical advices to enable women have a joyful sex life. (1) â€Å"Twenty five percent of women have orgasmic dysfunction where they encounter difficulty to reach orgasm.† (p. 23). Recently, new developments in sexual medicine make headlines with a promise to increase orgasmic potential. Two procedures that include O-Shot and the new patent implant promise pleasurable results. Hopefully, this will enable a woman enjoy sex and reach orgasm more naturally. (2) â€Å"The inability to orgasm stem from weakened pelvic floor muscles that occur with childbirth or after menopause.† (p. 31). Fixing the root cause will naturally solve orgasmic dysfunction without using needles or medication. Exercises and tones of the pelvic muscles can improve a woman’s sexual experience while providing targeted stimulation that will increase orgasm. (3) â€Å"The O-Shot makes many claims concerning orgasm and sensation since it is an expensive procedure, invasive to run the risk of scar tissue or uncomfortable sensation.†(p. 43). The doctor proposes natural solutions such as Intensity and Replens to ensure comfort before sex. (4) â€Å"There is a misconception that there is no alternative to loss of libido or sexual dysfunction since many doctors are not professionals in sexual health to offer latest solutions.†(p. 73) Assisted reproductive techniques can help people with fertility issues. Medical doctors can provide guidelines to improving libido since it is a psychological process. (5) â€Å"Sixty-one percent of American adults turn to the internet for most of their intimate health information.† (p.97). A higher percentage of people resort to the internet for probable solutions as posted by others with similar problems. It is advisable to such people, especially Women with that problem, to consult their medical profession to provide them with the best solution. (6) â€Å"Misinformation

HISTORY OF ROCK & ROLL FINAL EXAM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

HISTORY OF ROCK & ROLL FINAL EXAM - Essay Example According to him, rock and roll lacked that. Mick’s assertion were reiterated by several rock and roll artists such as Lenny Kravitz, Swedish band- the Hellacopters, just to mention, but a few. There sentiments seemed to be a premonition of what was to come decades later. This is ascribed to the fact that fifty years down the line rock and roll is no more (Topping). It has slowly died and is soon being forgotten. In the year 2010, the number of rock music appearing in the chart fell to its lowest level in fifty years. This happened when only three songs managed to appear in the top one hundred best-selling hits in the United Kingdom. Additionally, the percentage of rock tracks plummeted from a sickening thirteen percent in 2009 to a terminal three percent in 2010. This was way far behind R n B/hip hop at forty seven percent, pop at forty percent and dance at ten percent, according to Music Week. Over time, rock had competed relatively with pop music in the singles chart. According to Music Week, in 2008, rock music acco unted for twenty seven of the one hundred best-selling singles; however, the number declined to three in 2010 (Topping). It is most likely that we are coming to an end of rock and roll. It is as if we have reached the limit of what bass, drums, keyboards, guitars and vocals can create; thus, music is slowly moving back to where it came from (being recycled). A post-modernism school of thought in the contemporary culture suggests that recent cultures are cannibalizing the past, and there is nothing new anymore; everything is same, but given a different look. Have a look at movies: Sequels, remakes, films and prequels based on TV shows (Topping). It is also a fact that the modern music appears stuck in the yesteryear groove since there are no scenes or movements coming from anti-establishment ideology. Rock and roll history is rebellion’s history. For instance, stories such as Elvis, King

Introduction to East Asian Cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Introduction to East Asian Cinema - Essay Example The movie had a well structured thematic direction and representation of Chinese culture that it gained government’s approval. Despite application of modern settings within the film, it possesses some close similarities with ‘Journey to the West’, which was released in February 2013 by Chinese Huayi Brother’s film company. Yoo (2012) says that with respect to the moral story behind Jia’s film, one can develop an understanding that the director strives to create a contrast between two different cultures. In this regard, one can say that Jai’s film, ‘The World’, portrays a theme of clash of civilization witnessed in modern globalized societies. ‘Journey to the West’ resembles ‘The World’ in key elements constituting its thematic structure. The movie features the struggle between Chu, and Huen in an effort to retrieve lost treasures stolen by a western insurgent group. This film employs a traditional Chinese setting in its physical portrayal of scenery background. The film’s director develops a fantasy-action film creating a contrast between western extremists and traditional Chinese fighters. Ciecko (2010) says that unlike Jia’s film, ‘Journey to the West’ incorporates significant use of imagery and classical dialog in enhancing development of an fantasy filled movie, with typical crew members representing traditional Chinese art. On the contrary, Jia adopts local actors to play defined roles in showing interactions between Western world and Chinese cultures. Therefore, there is a pronounced similarity between thematic construction of ‘The World’ and that of ‘Journey to the West’. ... ‘Journey to the West’ entails depiction of Chu demonstrating his martial art skills in elaborately traditional Chinese stages. In this movie, cultural designs remain conspicuous in the attire and infrastructural development of Kung-fu stages used in fights. In addition, Huen demonstrates his exceptional ability to blend tragedy and comedy into the movie. In this context, ‘Journey to the West’ film contains some similarities with one of the East Asian movie watched in class. The movie, ‘The World’, captures most of its key scenes within Beijing’s World Park. This park lies squarely inside China’s mainland. Despite this fact, infrastructure development inside the park seeks to create an environment different from that of actual Chinese environment. The main aim of the unique constructions inside the park is meant to create an environment, where tourists would be able to view representation of the world inside a single tourist attract ion site. Ciecko (2010) says that the park’s entrance bares structures resembling typical Roman castles and Gothic sculptures. In addition, gardens inside the left side of the main entrance depict symbolic Italian landscape in terms of terrain and the grand staircase. Apart from these features at the entrance, the world’s perception in enhanced by presence of typical landmark features located in different nations around the globe. Within the movie, ‘Journey to the West’, one main actor named Xuan Zang seems to develop significant interest in the structural and physical appearances of infrastructure within the extremists warehouse facility. Commander Steward, the leader of the extremist group runs into Xuan admiring the city view from

The LM curve Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The LM curve - Essay Example IS curve or IS schedule explains the investments and savings aspect of market or economy. This explains the activity of goods and services performance in the economy. The LM curve, on the other hand, explains the money market or money aspects of the market and economy. As a whole, they both describe the overall activities of the economy which lead national income. The FE schedule describes the labor market and the labor aspects of the economy. The IS-LM-FE model addresses the three major areas of any economy. Labor, money and goods and services are all addressed by this model. We have the IS curve equation. Using the given data, we can calculate for the income Y. r = 0.1(I+G+0.2Y*-0.2Y+50RE) as r = r* = 5, we can substitute the value of r* for r in the IS equation. 5 = 0.1 (100 + 100 + 0.2*500 - 0.2Y + 50*1) Yielding Y = 1500 This gives us the income, Y, as 1500. Y, the income, is local income only as the foreign income Y* has also been considered. This is the equilibrium level of income in the economy. To calculate for the resulting equilibrium level of money supply, we use the LM curve. The LM curve explains the supply and demand aspects of money in the market and economy. Using the equation for the LM curve, we can calculate for the equilibrium money supply level in the market. M=0.25Y-5r We calculated Y to be 1500 and r is given to be r* which is 5. Solving for M, money supply, we get M = 350 The money supply has equilibrium value of 350 for the given values of income, exchange rate and other variables. b)to what extent does r* have to move in order to obtain an income level of 1600explain For the income to be 1600, we can calculate for the value of r* which is also r is our case. Solving the same equation of IS schedule for r we get, r = 0.1(I+G+0.2Y*-0.2Y+50RE) Putting values of I, G, Y*, Y and RE, we get, r = 0.1 (100 + 100 + 0.2*500 - 0.2*1600 + 50*1) r = 18 r has to be 18 in order to make the income equal to 1600. This means that the value of r has to increase to 360% of its original value. By reaching this level, the income in the market will be

Best War Ever Essay Example for Free

Best War Ever Essay The Causes of World War II History 1302 In the book The Best War Ever: America and World War II by Michael C.C. Adams, Adams discusses the misconceptions about world war two that America had and still has today. Through the title, one can assume that Americans came out of the five year war with a positive view. This was due to the way theatre and television portrayed it to the public, and like naà ¯ve children America ate it up. Television and other media didn’t want America to see the true horror that actually took place overseas, but what they didn’t know was how mislead America was going to become. This essay will discuss the argument Adams creates in chapter 6 about how sugar coating the war for America, was in a sense best for them, but for small businesses, immigrants and teens it was a different story. Before World War II became the center of attention in America, people lived their everyday lives. Most were small business owners that were just trying to make a living. As the war went on overseas, Pearl Harbor was attacked, which led to the U.S. joining the war. Do to this sudden need to protect our country, America became â€Å"obsessed† and young men volunteered to fight for the country they loved. Everyone including women and children had this attitude of supporting the troops and doing everything they could to help out, by women working jobs in factories that were originally created for men. As these factories like Ford, Coca-Cola, and Wrigley’s grew, â€Å"World War II undermined the world of the small producer in business and agriculture, completing the triumph of large corporations†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (The Best War Ever: America and World War II, 1994)1. Small businesses closing down wasn’t the only cause of America joining the war but also, families losing their homes, farms, towns, and well basically their lives. These people had to move to bigger cities where factories that were being recognized, due to the war, were the o nly jobs available. While factories grew, violence towards immigrants grew as well. Due to Pearl Harbor being attacked by the Japanese, Japanese-Americans were seen as a threat and removed from their homes and put into detention centers. â€Å"More  than two-thirds of the Japanese who were interned in the spring of 1942 were citizens of the United States.† (Japanese Relocation Centers: During World War II, nearly 120,000 Japanese Americans were under lock and key, 2007)2. President Roosevelt felt that they were a threat to America and that anyone of them could be a spy. African-Americans were facing hard times as well, though racism was still going strong, many African-Americans were being attacked and miss treated because of mixed work environments as Adams states in his book (1994) â€Å"A white man in a wildcat strike at a Packard plant said ‘I’d rather see Hitler and Hirohito win the war than work beside a nigger on the assembly line.’†3 Wives of African-American men in the army were also treated as lower class while the American women would get preferred treatment. Another race that was targeted were American-born Hispanics. Teen Hispanics began to form gangs and â€Å"challeng[e] the traditional restraints of their behavior†. They did this by wearing zoot Suits. Because of this new fashion trend amongst Hispanics, military men began to harass and ended up creating a riot known as the â€Å"Zoot Suit Riot† . In this riot military and Hispanic men attacked each other but only the Hispanic teens got arrested for the violence. As immigrants were mistreated, young American teens were feeling a sense of freedom, this was due to the lack of parental control. â€Å"More girls got pregnant. And the venereal disease rate rose : between 194 and 1944, New York City’s VD rate among girls aged fifteen to eighteen years old increased 204 percent.† (The Best War Ever: America and World War II, 1994)4. Teens were getting into trouble cutting school and joining gangs. It was hard for schools to maintain a strong education among the youth and so a decline in intellectual quality began in young Americans. Media also had a small part to play in this lack of education. Mass entertainment was trying to win over the youth through T.V. and movies and because of this the armed services saw that students in this generation weren’t as prepared as generations before them, they lacked skills learned in high school. But one reason that as a main factor were the number of jobs that were available. Teens were able to get a job as young as thirteen years old, even though the job wasn’t helping out the war, money made the youth feel free like they could do anything they wanted, which they did. In conclusion, World War II in a sense was the best war ever but for small businesses, immigrants and teens, it was a war that ended up changing tradition into trends and  violence. Americans w ere blinded and lied to and through this it brought grave consequences . â€Å"†¦ it is the danger of arrogance and hubris – that is, the danger of going to war because a nations leaders are convinced of their own righteousness, or have persuaded themselves and the public that a foreign country should be attacked because its government or society is not merely alien, hostile or threatening, but evil.(The Good War Myth of World War Two, 2008)5. Bibliography Michael C. C. Adams, The Best War Ever: America and world War II (Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press, 1994) Japanese Relocation Centers: During World War II, nearly 120,000 Japanese Americans were under lock and key, 2007 http://www.infoplease.com/spot/internment1.html The Good War Myth of World War Two, May 24, 2008 http://www.ihr.org/news/weber_ww2_may08.html

Financial And Non Financial Rewards Commerce Essay

Financial And Non Financial Rewards Commerce Essay This essay is written to understand, argue and evaluate if financial rewards is the one best way to motivate employees within an organization. Motivation can be defined as the goal directed behavior that is initiated, directed and sustained by enabling a cognitive decision making process. (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2010, P.267). Motivation is very important to boost job performance. Employee in the organization can be motivated through financial as well as non-financial rewards or motives. Motive can be defined as a socially acquired need activated by a desire for fulfillment. (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2010, P.266). Motivation pushes the employees in the organization to their fullest and in turn even helps them in personal development. During tough times, employees are the only ones to boost up the level of the organization, thus, motivated employees help in achieving the desired goals of the organization and making motivation a key factor. Financial incentives or motives refer to ince ntives which are in direct monetary form or measurable in monetary term and serve to motivate people for better performance.(NCERT, 2007, P.190). Non-financial incentives or motives are required as all the needs of individuals are not satisfied by money alone. Psychological, social and emotional factors also play an important role in providing motivation. Non-financial incentives mainly focus on these needs. (NCERT, 2007, P.191). The question here is that if financial rewards, motives or incentives are the best way to increase work motivation? In order to thoroughly understand this question, evaluations of both financial and non-financial rewards have to be conducted. To begin, financial rewards have been studied at large by numerous theorists. Some theorists support financial rewards at large. According to Frederick W. Taylor(2011), the most important motivator for employees are salaries and extra benefits such as cash rewards , travel allowances , housing, etc. He also stated that when employees get the same wage regardless of their goals they have to achieve, they tend to work less which may lead the company to an unstable situation Likewise Henry Gantt believed money rewards are a better way for reimbursing the hard work of an employee added to the normal salary. The two methods treat workers as laborers who toiled only for money and has been discouraged by the current form of management system. One theory was by Douglas McGregor, better known as theory X and theory Y, which differentiated between leadership styles/skills and management. Firstly he presumed that motivation and skills are different for all the members of a firm and also that all employees look at the same motivation in a different manner. Theory Y focuses on employees who are able to practice self-control and are able to direct themselves along with a liking towards their job. These employees are not just responsible but are also challenge seekers. New challenges and opportunities motivate these employees. These employees do not require much of supervision as they are self-motivated and show a great morale at work. These employees are not needed to be controlled or punished and help achieve goals and objectives more efficiently. Now when looking at the employees of theory X, one realizes that these employees do not enjoy their job or have a certain amount of disliking towards it. They are high irresponsible a nd need to guided, supervised and directed from time to time when given a certain task or responsibility. These employees burden the managers from time to time as they needed to be forced to work and when behaving not according to the code of conduct, they have to be punished. So people with needs such as self-actualization and more, work better with managers of theory Y as compared to theory X. But a certain amount of balance is needed between theory X and Y so all employees can grow and make progress in their careers. The financial incentives generally used in an organization are listed below: Pay and allowances: For every employee, salary is the basic monetary incentive. It includes basic pay, dearness allowance and other allowances. Productivity linked wage incentives: Several wage incentive plans aims at linking payment of wages to increase in productivity at individual or group level. Bonus: Bonus is an incentive offered over and above the wages/salary to the employees. Profit sharing: Profit sharing is meant to provide a share to employees in the profits of the organization. Co-partnership/stock: Under these incentive schemes, employees are offered company shares at a set price lower than market price. Retirement Benefits: Several retirement benefits such as provident fund, pension and gratuity provide financial security to employees after their retirement. Perquisites: In many companies perquisites and fringe benefits are offered such as car allowance, housing, medical aid, and education to the children etc., over and above the salary. (NCERT,2007,P.190-191) However, if our biological and safety needs are not satisfied, we die. If our needs of love and esteem are not satisfied, we can feel inferior and helpless, but if these needs are satisfied, we feel self-confident. Self-actualization and transcendence, Maslow argued, are our ultimate goals. While the implications if self-actualization have been widely explored, the meta-physical concept of transcendence has been largely ignored by management writers and researchers. (Buchanan and Huczynski,2010,P.268). Maslow argued that self-actualized people are rare, and that creating conditions for us to develop our capabilities to this extent was challenging task. He also argued that these needs are organized in a hierarchy, with lower order biological and safety needs at the bottom, and higher order self-actualization and transcendence needs at the top. (Buchanan and Huczynski,2010,P.268). Abraham Maslows needs hierarchy: Self-actualization: Need to develop our full potential Freedom of equity and expression: Need that is a prerequisite for the satisfaction of other needs Transcendence: A spiritual need, to be at one with the universe Aesthetics: Need for order and beauty To know and to understand: Need to gain and to systematize knowledge, the need for curiosity, learning, philosophizing, experimenting and exploring Esteem: Need for strength, confidence, achievement, self-esteem, independence, and for reputation, prestige, recognition, attention and appreciation, and respect of others Affiliation: need for attachment, belongingness, affection, love, relationship Safety: Need for security, comfort, tranquility, freedom from fear and threat from environment, for shelter, order, predictability, an organized world Biological: need for sunlight, sexual expression, food, water, rest and oxygen-need basic to our survival.(Buchanan and Huczynski,2010,P.268). People working in companies have certain expectations from the environment around them. It is not always the financial incentives but also the people, the manager, the family time and all the given to an employee that motivates them. The needs are not satisfied by money only, emotional, psychological and social factors play a key role in providing motivation. (NCERT,2007,P.190-191). Here is an example, In 2008, The Sunday times newspaper, surveyed over 500 companies and 180,000 employees to identify the best company to work for in the UK the award was won by heat, a central heating installation based in Belfast. W.L. Gore Associates, who won the prize in the previous four years, came eleventh. Companies were rated on eight factors: Leadership: how employees feel about the of the company and senior managers Wellbeing: how staffs feel about stress, pressure and the balance between work and home life My manager: peoples feelings towards their immediate boss and their day-to-day managers My team: peoples feelings about their immediate colleagues Fair deal: how happy the workforce is with their pay and benefits Giving something back: how much companies are thought by their staff to put back into society, and the local community My company: feelings about the company as opposed to the people they work with Personal growth: to what extent the staffs feel they are stretched and challenged by their job Heats managing director said that their success was based on the companys approach communication; we work hard to make it simple. If you make it simple everybody understands and that makes it more likely to last. (Buchanan and Huczynski,2010,P.271). The company in the above example isnt a high paid company, but the working environment around them motivates the employees to work hard and give their best. Yes, financial incentives are important, but without a friendly work force and enough time given by a company to their employees for their family and social ethics, its practically no use. There are disadvantages of financial or monetary motivation, employees in the company might take things for granted. They will expect bonuses even at times when they dont end up working towards organizational goal. But if there arent any monetary incentives given, what will the employee work for. Monetary or financial incentives also help in guiding and moving the employees towards the goal of the organization. Apart from the advantage and disadvantage of financial motive, non-financial incentives also have their own advantages, keeping the employee happy in the company with the friendly environment, companies providing fair amount of break time and activity rooms such as Google. The work timings are at most important as the employees get time with their families and friends and also maintain a great social life along with their work. Some of the important non-financial incentives are discussed below: Status: in the organizational context, status means ranking of positions in the organization. Organizational climate: organizational climate indicates the characteristics which describe an organization and distinguish one organization from others. Career advancement opportunity: every individual wants to grow to the higher level in the recognition. They feel that what they do should be recognized by others concerned. Job security: employees want their job to be secure. They want stability about their future work and income. Employee participation: it means involving employees in decision making of issues related to the company. Employee empowerment: empowerment means, giving more autonomy and powers to subordinates. (NCERT,2007,P.192-193) According to the 2011 Hays Salary Guide, 78 per cent of employers give their employees benefits, or non-financial rewards, in addition to salaries and bonuses. Health is the number one benefit in Hong Kong, offered by 71 per cent of employers. Life assurance is offered by 63 per cent, a pension by 60 per cent, and a housing allowance by 37 per cent. Other benefits include tax equalisation, club or gym membership, a car or car allowance, and private expenses. Typically, benefits increase with experience and the seniority of the position. They are used to motivate and reward top performers, with employers recognising that a motivated employee will achieve the best results. Thus, there is little room to negotiate as your performance and value are the determining factors. There are also countless cases of employers using benefits to reward top performers when they are unable to increase salaries beyond a certain level.   But again, the awarding of additional benefits is based on the employees past performance and is also a tool to motivate future performance. If planning on negotiating benefits package, tread carefully. Employers will only extend their offers so far. So speaking with recruiter to ensure expectations are realistic for the role and industry, or this could leave the employer with doubts over commitment to the role.   As a final note, expatriate packages that include extensive non-financial rewards are a thing of the past. Traditionally, expats brought a wealth of experience and excellent education from abroad to a company, and as such were rewarded accordingly. But today local candidates are viewed on an equal footing since they also possess excellent overseas education and exposure to worldwide markets.(Charnock, 2011) Thus, analysis reveals that nonfinancial factors play a prominent role in influencing employee motivation and engagement worldwide-a finding that could prove useful to employers facing budget constraints. organization. Managers should provide employees with opportunity to improve their skills Job enrichment: is concerned with designing jobs that include greater variety of work content, require higher level of knowledge and skills. Employee recognition: most people have a need for evaluation of their work and due Workers say that being treated with respect is the most important nonfinancial factor, followed by work/life balance, type of work, quality of co-workers and quality of leadership. Among financial factors, base pay ranks highest. Benefits and incentive pay can be important to other aspects of the employment deal-such as attracting, retaining and rewarding employees-but they are considered less important by employees when it comes to their day-to-day motivation and engagement at work. Employee engagement reflects the total work experience, and a big part of it is how you are treated, what kind of work you do and how you feel about your co-workers, bosses and the general work environment, said Colleen ONeill, a senior partner at Mercer and the firms talent leader in the U.S. and Canada. Without a doubt, financial factors like pay and benefits are a vital part of the employment deal, especially in the U.S., but employers need to consider and manage the full range of factors to ensure that their workforce is engaged, ONeill explained. When financial resources are limited, organizations can leverage these nonfinancial factors to effectively boost employee commitment and productivity. (Miller, 2011) And therefore, this proves that both financial and non-financial rewards are important for increasing the work motivation of an organization.

Situation Analysis Of Dairy Queen Milk

Situation Analysis Of Dairy Queen Milk This assignment covers the marketing plan for Dairy Queen Milk Pakistan.I have used many components of marketing plan to complete this assignment. In this assignment I have done situation analysis.In situation analysis by doing swot analysis dairy queen is a brand of Haleeb foods which is a strong company.It is pioneer in pouch packing.But the unavailability and the Situation Analysis of Dairy Queen Milk Situation analysis describes an organizations competitive position, operating and financial condition and general state of internal and external affairs. (By D.Power) Strengths: 1. Dairy Queen has good brand awareness because it is a part of Haleeb Foods which is a well reputed company in Pakistan and has a strong portfolio of brands. 2. Dairy Queen milk is facing low cost because it is available in the market in pouch pack which is less costly than brick packing. So it is bearing a low cost in the production of milk. 3. Dairy Queen Milk is pioneer in providing pouch pack because it is the one which has come in pouch pack. 4. Dairy Queen is facing less distribution cost because it has skilled and motivated staff. 5. Dairy Queen is providing a best quality and healthy milk because it is using an efficient Ultra heat treatment technology Weaknesses: 1. Dairy Queen milk has a big weakness of availability and access because it is not easily available at every shop and stores. It is only available in certain shops and stores. People face a lot of problems in finding it. 2. Many people do not have enough awareness about the Dairy Queen milk because it is not so much promoting itself by promotions. In many areas people do not have enough knowledge about. 3. Packing of dairy milk is not so good because people are not so much satisfied with this packing. Its packing is loose because it is proving pouch pack from which sometimes leak and milk pour out from the pouch. 4. Dairy Queen packaging is not so good because customer cannot easily hold it in the fridge as compared to Haleeb and Nestle. 5. Dairy Queen is loosing the share in the market because it is not fulfilling the demand of the customers sometimes it has become. Opportunities: Dairy Queen can attract the more customers who lie in middle income as well as high income bracket because there is high inflation in the Pakistan economy where as its price lies between the Olper milk and Nestle milk which are the competitors. Dairy Queen can increase its market share by reducing it price. Because people in Pakistan are more price conscious. Dairy Queen can increase its sales by going into new areas where people have acknowledged about this product but it is not available there. Threats: Floods in Pakistan is a big threat for Dairy Queen because it can a lot of problem in carrying the raw material into the factory and in distribution of the finished good to the market because roads network has been badly effected. Dairy Queen can face a more decrease in sales because it is not giving so much attention to the promotions of the product. So people do not know so well about the product and its features. Dairy Queen can be totally out from the market because the distribution force is not so much active and Dairy Queen is not easily available in the market. So it can create a negative impact in the mind of the customer. It can happens that another competitor introduce a same product then the market share of Dairy Queen will more effect because competitor product will attract the customers of the Dairy Queen. Dairy Queen can face a high cost of raw material in the future because their is recession and high inflation in the Pakistan economy so it will effect its Quality. Porters Five Forces The Five Forces model of Porter is an outside in business unit strategy tool that is used to make an analysis of the attractiveness of an industry structure.(Ref#6) Threat of Substitutes: Dairy Queen has threat of substitute from the loose milk and Gawalla market(shops who sell fresh open milk).There are many fresh milk shops and other milk that are available locally like in the streets of residential areas,markets and shopping malls.centers in the market. So the threat of substitutes is high because there is high inflation and recession in the Pakistan economy. So if the price of Dairy Queen milk increase then the customer will shift easily to the loose milk or other product. which is cheap in price. Bargaining Power of Suppliers: Dairy Queen face a low cost in buying the fresh milk because it buy fresh milk in huge volume and it has a good supplier system which reduce the power of the supplier so their switching cost is not so much high. Dairy Queen collected is using two ways to collect the fresh milk from the suppliers one is self collection and the second one is contract collection. Switch cost and volume: As Dairy Queeen is a part of well known brand Haleeb and fresh milk is main ingredient for their UHT milk, so they know if they rely on few suppliers with large volumes,it can create problems for them.In order to reduce their supplier power it has a good supply system due to which its switching cost is not high. Bargaining power of buyers: Bargaining power of the customer is high,due to the availability of same product from other companies in the market almost at the same price.Initially when there not many companies in the market ,bargaining power of customer is more high. Buyer Information: In the recent time with the increase of electronic and print media ,awareness in customers have increases and now customers are aware what they are going to purchase and what are other products /brands are available almost at the same price,also people becomes health conscious.This ultimately affects any company sales and increase buyer power. PESTLE Analyses PESTLE is used to external analyses means analyses on the macro environment in which the business operates. PEST ANALYSIS Government has always tried promoting dairy industry within the country. For this government has given lots of relaxation to milk industry for instance there is no tax or excise duty on milk products. Government has a complete and comprehensive legal framework for milk industry to keep things in flow and up to mark within the industry. At the same time government keeps on revising its policies that could help improving overall industry. ECONOMICAL The main economic factor acting for this industry is uneducated suppliers of raw material, so lots of raw material is affected in terms of its quality and preservation issues and a big percentage of raw materials go to waste before its being processed. But at the same time UHT milk doesnt have any kind of taxes on it which makes it a good economic factor for the industry growth and improvements in its production. As UHT milk is a bit costly than the ordinary milk or non processed milk so income factor of consumer is always an important economical factor for the industry players. UHT milk industry carry consumers from middle and lower class and income level for this class has increased over time which is something in favor for the industry. SOCIAL Socially the most important thing for the industry is that people have realized the importance of UHT milk because of its safety and better health issues than ordinary milk that could carry lots of bacteria and germs during its complete delivery to the end user. But at the same time people avoid using UHT milk due to its cost factor, being costly consumption of UHT milk is far less than other un processed milk, but with the time and awareness among people they have realized that the cost they are paying does pay them back good enough in terms of health issues and quality of milk. So with time this issue is decreasing as people have got to know the value of what they are paying for. Critical social issue going around among consumer about UHT milk is that its something treated or created artificially, which is required to be taken care of by industry player through their awareness and information campaigns for their consumers to make them clear about such thoughts they carry about UHT milk to utilize better potential from the market. TECHNOLOGICAL First of all because the farmers or Gawala dont have the means of transportation to deliver the milk up the value chain themselves, and they also dont have the means to maintain the freshness of the milk (refrigeration) so that the milk retains its actual value. Both issues are related to the availability of appropriate technologies. Technology is, in this case primarily a function of capital. In milk and specially UHT milk industry technology is a critical factor in terms of barriers to entry. Although the market is already saturated, downward pressure on UHT milk prices could be created through either meeting existing capacity, or the establishment of new UHT plants. The downward price pressure would then induce new section of socio-economic cross section to enter the market as consumer of UHT milk. Custom duties on the import of packaging machinery, which is at the heart of the UHT segment of the industry (either TetraPack technology, or alternatives), are prohibitively high. The artificial cap on increase on demand of UHT there fore creates a negative impact on small farmers, who must continue to supply to the informal sector where they are subject to the Gawala. So because being expensive as high capital investments are required for establishing UHT milk plants due to heavy capital cost on machinery this industry is suffering. 1.4 Strategy Development Strategies are the means to achieving the organizations stated objectes.(Ref:Hand outs) The Ansoff Matrix: As Dairy Queen Milk is in declining stage so I propose in growth strategies the market penetration and product development for Dairy Queen. Because Dairy Queen is in decline.It is not achieving its goals as compared to its objectives.Dairy Queen is a part of a strong brand name Haleeb Foods.It will not take a long time.People are more price sensitive.I propose that Dairy Queen will spend more on advertisements and sales promotions.Because by doing advertisement and sales promotion it can attract more new customers as well as it will retain its potential customers. In sales promotions it will gives the discounts. Dairy Queen will also go for product development becauses people want new things or want change Dairy Queen will come with new products like Dairy Queen Dry milk and Dairy Queen tea milk. It will target there the lower income ,middle income who are price conscious and also the lower upper income level people because there is recession and high inflation in the Pakistan econom y so it will attract these people. LowThe BCG Matrix High Low High Star Question Mark ? Cash Cow Dog Market Growth Rate Dairy Queen Milk lies in Question Marks are high growth and low market share. Low market share often means low profits and weak cash flows because the market is growing faster than the product. So I propose to substantial investment to increase market share. If market shares grown then they can become stars and later cash cows. Gap Analysis: The company will use GAP analysis to confirm the gap between the forecast sales and the actual sales. It will choose the market penetration strategy. Because the product is in decline stage so the company will add more features in its product. So that it can achieve its target. Porters Competitive Strategies: I recommend that the company will choose two strategies one Focus and the second cost leadership. The company will choose focus strategy because it is targeting the middle income level and Lower income level customers. The company will use cost leadership strategy because it is giving low price milk so it is necessary for the company to bear the low cost as company is using pouch packaging for dairy queen which is cheaper than brick packing. Tactics: Tactics are measures and techniques that aid the achievement of strategies. Tactics usually include the use and manipulation of the 7Ps: Product: I propose that Dairy Queen will provide 1500ml packaging and 2000ml packaging because there are many people who bought milk in large volume specially the juice shops who use milk in milk shakes and the tea shops who use in tea and the colleges and universities canteens. These are the people who use milk in a large volume. Dairy Queen will also provide 160ml packaging because many people who do jobs like helpers in construction business who do not afford and only want one time tea. I propose that Dairy Queen will provide a good quality milk with a ninety days expiry date because most shopkeepers who buy the milk in bulk prefer the expiry date. Otherwise they can face a loss. I propose that Dairy Queen will launch dry milk in different packaging. It will give in 100g,180g,250g,375g,500g and 1000g because there are a lot of people who who like dry milk packaging especially in banks,oofices and the passengers during the journing. I propose that Dairy Queen will provide Special Tea milk because this milk will have the special ingredients for tea and it will catter or attract those people who wank best quality and tasty tea because want change new things.At the start Dairy Queen will provide 250ml and 500ml packaging. Price: I propose that Dairy Queen will charge low price according to volume or weight of the milk.It will charge or will give discounts for 1000ml,1500ml and 2000 ml packaging.Because by offering discounts according to the packaging of milk more customers will attract towards this. Dairy Queen Milk(ml) Price 160 250 500 1000 1500 2000 Prices for Dry Dairy Queen Milk Dry Dairy Queen Milk(gm) Price 100 180 250 375 500 1000 Dairy Queen Tea Mlik Dairy Queen Tea Mlik(g) Price 250 500 Place: I recommend that Dairy Queen will sell on large super stores which has a long chane in Pakistan like METRO PAKISTAN,MACRO PAKISTAN,H Kareem Bakhsh Store and Utility Stores.Becausse a large number of people or households go their for bulk shopping mean they do the shopping for the whole week and sometimes for the whole month. Also small stores will purchase the Dairy Queen from these large stores. I recommend that Dairy Queen will first determine the demand of the total market. Dairy Queen will divide the market. For example they will put Dairy Queen on the big stores according to their demand. One team of Dairy Queen will cater the colleges and universities canteens. First they will know the demand of them then they will provide. Another team will serve the railway stations and bus stations. Because there are also the canteens and the shops on the railway stations and bus stops. Promotion: I recommend that Dairy Queen will use different types of advertisements because it is going to mass production. Now it will not only go to promote the existing product but also the new products. I propose that Dairy Queen will advertise through TV and Radio because they are catering a big market and they are going to mass production. Through the TV they will create interest in the mind of the customer about the product.And there also some places where the people do not have the TV so through the radio they will catch the mind of the customer. I propose that they will also advertise t rough the print media leaflets. Specially for the new products like Dairy Queen dry milk and Dairy Queen tea milk. Leaflets should be done on the bus stopes and the railway stations where the passenger move every time. I recommend that in the big cites like Lahore, Karachi and Islamabad Dairy Queen will advertise through the bill boards because these are the posh areas and people spend a lot on the consumer goods.So by advertising through billboards Dairy queen will click the mind of the customers. I propose that dairy queen will also promote the product through the sale promotion.Sometimes dairy queen will give free samples on borrowing in bulk.For example if a shopkeeper will buy 10 cartons of dairy queen dairy queen will give free wall clock or a pack of glasses etc.Dairy queen will also give the incentive to the college and universities canteens because they are also purchase in bulk.So dairy queen can give discount in price per carton because by doing this it will motivate the canteen land lord.Sometimes dairy queen can also give like glasses with logo dairy queen.It will create a positive impact in the mind of the owner and also the customer. I propose that dairy queen will also promote its product through the sponsorships like when sometimes the domestic matches are happen because by doing this they will create social and corporate image.It can also promote through programs like sometimes it can arrange a concert in the colleges and universities by doing this it will create a strong relationship with its customers. I prose that when it launches its new products like dairy queen dry milk and dairy queen tea milk.It will give the free samples to the people.Dairy queen team will also go to schools,colleges and universities to test free samples. I propose that Dairy Queen will create a data base through which it will keep in touch like it should now the demand of the big customers like Metro and Macro Stores.Because by doing this it will also negociate for price because big stores will demand for price reduction. I propose that it will different incentives to their employees like in case of more sale it will give bonuses to their employees and it will give their employees the free medical treatment. People: I recommend dairy queen will give training to their employees because employees are the assets of a company. They should have the skills that how to deal with the customers. Because they have an important impact on the growth of the business. Specially the sales persons of a company who are the representative of dairy queen. Their behavior with the customers will be good. I propose that dairy queen will give certain incentives to their employees to motivate them.They should be given bonuses base on their performances.It should set the target for their employees and it will give the rewards according to the completion of their tasks.Its employees should be professionals.It should give or arrange training programs for their staff. Process: I propose that Dairy Queen will provide fast and good service because it is targeting a large market including small and large stores, college and university canteens, railway stations and bus stops. I recommend that Dairy Queen will provide as much more in the market as the demand I recommend that Dairy Queen will take care the supply of the milk in the market because if the supply will not meet the demand then it is possible that customers dissatisfy with the Dairy Queen and shift to another. There will not be shortage of any packaging and they should be inspection of the raw material which is necessary for the production of UHT milk and Dairy Queen will also take care the quality of the milk.Because if they will not check and balance then it is possible that Dairy Queen expire before which create a negative impact in the customer mind. Physical Evidance: I propose that Dairy Queen will be available at small shops and big stores and also the Utility Stores (Stores run by Government). It will be available in utility stores because by selling through utility stores it will be available to more people. Because many low level and middle income level people go to Utility Stores for shopping. I recommend that Dairy Queen will also sell at college and universities canteens because there are a large number of students in colleges and universities.Pakistan weather is warm so there are eight months of summer so by selling on canteens a lot of sales can be increased. I propose that Dairy Queen will also sell at Juice shops and tea stalls because mostly people who go for work go to these shops for tea and milk shakes. I propose that Dairy Queen will also sell at hotels which are there on stations and bus stops because many people go for journey daily. Action and Implementation: (Marketing Management Handouts) When a company have been set its marketing strategies and tactics that it becomes necessary to the company to turn them into actions and implementations. Dairy Queen will use its own marketing staff as well as it will hire or take the responsibilities of SAAM marketing agency. There are many methods for setting budget Percentage of sales Competitive parity All you can afford The objective and task method Arbitrary Historical I recommend that the company will choose competitive parity method to make budget for its product. Because Haleeb Foods is a strong company and it has a strong brand portfolio so it will set its budget according to its competitor. Monitoring and control: I recommend that the company will choose the monitoring technique to check whether it is achieving its objectives or not. For this the company will do the focus group survey and also the questioners survey to know the perception of the customers about the product. The company will do focus group after every six months and use the questioners survey quarterly. Because by doing these surveys the company will be in touch with its customers. Scheduling of planned marketing activities: Marketing Activities Time Jan,Feb,Mar,Apr,May,Jun July,Aug,Sep,Oct,Nov,Dec Responsibility Budget (Rs 000) TV and Radio Advertisement Personal Selling Hiring and Training of employees Sales promotion Test marketing Monitoring customer satisfaction Advertising through print media Advertising through outdoor media Direct marketing(Databases) Sponsorships through games Sponsorships through concerts Product launches Media relations Publications Office layout and decorations 1.7 Monitoring and Control: We use monitoring on going process it means that we divide the whole year into different periods and then check the performance according to our objectives while in control we check the performance yearly. Q.3ly a)I have chosen the dairy queen because it was in decline stage. I think the basic reasons for its decline stage is the unawareness about the product it means that mostly people do not have much information about the product because of the less promotion of the product. If people do not have enough knowledge about the product and they do not know the features of the product they will not buy that product. The weak distribution system is also another drawback of the product. The company use their own sales force to supply its product but they are fail to fulfill the demand of the market because the shortage of the product and sometimes shopkeepers are also facing difficulty in providing that product. The packaging of the product is also another drawback because mostly people did not accept the this pouch packaging because they face problems to carry it. The expiry date is also another issue for the decline of the product because customers complain that the product expire before the ex piry date and due to this the shopkeepers also face a lot of problems. Previous Knowledge: Before Starting Masters in Business Administration I have done bachelor in commerce.I have studied Marketing in Bachlors but I have not gain a clear idea about the terms.Before MBA I just only Know that what is marketing mix I know only that it contain only four elements product,price,place and promotion. I have only some idea what is it. I do not know that how I can apply these terms. First I only know that product is a physical thing or a brand like coke, ice cream, burger,oil and detergants etc which I can buy from anywhere.And I have some idea about the product life cycle but not so much in detail. In my mind the price is only the money which we pay to buy something. I have not studied before the factors to concern with prices and the strategies for setting the prices. I have idea about the place mix but no so much because In my mind promotion mean was just advertisement and sales promotions Current Learning, Outcomes and applications: When I start first module MBA from London School of Business and Finance I have only the general overview about these terms of the marketing mix process. But know it is almost is the end of the first module and I have gained a lot of Knowledge about these terms not only general but also the specific. First I only know that there are only four Ps in marketing mix and only know that what is their meaning. But know I have learned that there are seven elements in marketing mix which are Product, Price Place, Promotion,People,Process and Physical evidence. Product is not only the in physical form but it can also be anything.It can be a service it can be an idea. Now I have a better knowledge about the branding first I only consider that it is only a symbol or logo which shows only the company importance but it is more than this.There are different benefits of branding for the consumers through it consumer come to know much about the product for example it gives certainty, reliability and reduce the risk and people are so much loyal about the brand. There are many strategies to set price for new product like Market penetration strategy,market skimming and early recovery strategy.For example if I choose market penetrate strategy for my product first I will choose low price for my product when my product will gain an increase in market share I will increase the price. In place mix I can choose the channel of distribution for my product. There are many factors to choose channel of distribution. For example it depends on the nature of the product. There are many ways through which I can promote my product. For example I have choose broadcast media TV, print media leaflets and outdoor billboard for advertisement for Dairy Queen milks. In people mix that they will be skilled and their appearance will be good looking and their behavior. The process mix like company policies, capacity level but not so much. Through physical evidence like Logos,Packagng and equipment etc a company can attract the customers. Previous Knowledge: Before starting MBA from LSBF I had idea about the marketing plan but not so much.I had only know that in marketing plan we do SWOT analyses, PEST analysis, BCG matrix ,set budget and finally implement. Current Learning outcomes and applications: Now I have clear idea about the marketing plan that how does it work. A marketing plan is a specification of an organizations activities and market intentions which gives a direction to a company to the future. The marketing plan process have following steps. S=Situation Analyses O=Objecting setting S=Strategy Development T=Tactical Development A=Action C=Control Situation Analyses: It includes following SWOT Analysis: It is helful to a company because by doing this a company able to know about its strengths and weaknesses and also see the opportunities and the threat in the industry in which it is performing. PESTLE analysis: It is helpful to a business to understand the macro environment in which the business is running or it want to go. It helps a business to understand the factors like plotical Government stability and taxation, economical interest rates and the ifflation,social lifestyles and values ,technological technological skills ,legal employment law and envitonment green issues. Objective setting: In objective setting a company set that what it want to achieve company has corporate ,business and operation objectives company use a SMART Criteria to set its objectives. Strategy Development: It helps company to make strategies for achieving objectives. Growth Strategies: The Ansoff matrix: It helps a company to decide that it will go for expansion or decide to grow.It contains Market Penetration Market Development Product Development Diversification The BCG matrix: It is used by those companies who have a portfolio of different products. It includes Stars Question Mark Cash Cow Dogs Gap Analysis: It helps a company to compare the actual profits with the forecast profits and finally GAP out the difference. Porters competitive strategies: It helps a company to decide whether to compete in certain segments or across the entire market or whether to compete through low cost or through differentiated products. Cost Leadership, Differentiation and Focus. Tactics: These are techniques that help a company in the achievement of the strategies. Actions: Action helps to turn marketing strategies and tactics into actions.It includes three activities, Allocating tasks and responsibilities Scheduling of marketing activities Setting the marketing budget Methods for setting budgets: A company can use any of the following methods for setting its marketing budget. Percentage of sales Competitive parity All you can afford The objective and task method Arbitrary Historical For example a small company can use All you can afford method. Monitoring or Control: It helps a company to sure that the objectives are being achieved according to their plans. In control we use different methods Benchmarking Balanced-scorecard The Marketing Audit Profitability control Sales control Appreciation

Shark Valley :: Free Descriptive Essay About A Place

Shark Valley Shark Valley †¦ Where were the sharks and the valley? Grass, alligators, birds†¦they were all there but the sharks were missing in action. Anyways, I may have missed the sharks but I did come away from Shark Valley with two lessons learned. One is that determination pays off and second that it is never too late to try something new. Fifteen miles sounded like a challenging ride but I figured I could do it. I thought to myself, â€Å"you're young and in decent shape it shouldn't be so bad.† Lets just say that the dark sky and threat of rain were an ominous warning of what lay ahead. I jumped on my bike and the first couple of miles went by easily. There were birds to see and alligators to avoid. Then the wind started to take its toll. I felt like I was peddling and going nowhere. The wind was determined to keep me from making any forward motion. Miles started passing slower and slower. The tower, the halfway mark and my refuge, seemed a distant dream. It was frustrating and tiring. I started to empathize with Chaz's character from Skinny Dip . The everglades changed from a place I once liked to one I couldn't wait to get out of. I understood Chaz's eagerness to get home and be comfortable and away from the sweat and labor. Then I realized that I was identifying with a whining, lazy con artist and I stra ightened myself out. I told myself that the tower wasn't that far away and that if I kept pushing I would be there in no time at all. My mind said keep going but my legs were saying stop right here. Determination to reach my goal carried me to that tower and onto a comfortable bench. After lunch I was feeling rested and my legs were ready to go. The ride back went a little smoother because the wind was not a factor. It no longer teased me as I struggled to move forward. Not even the rain could stop me. I was on a roll and I wasn't going to stop rolling until I reached the end of the trail. It was a challenging ride for me but I was determined to complete it. Needless to say, I have never been so happy to see my car before.

Changing the World in Milton’s Paradise Lost and Cavendish’s The Blazin

Changing the World in Milton’s Paradise Lost and Cavendish’s The Blazing World It only takes one person or one event to change the course of the world. Eve changes the world and the course of humanity when she eats from the tree of knowledge in John Milton’s Paradise Lost. In Margaret Cavendish’s The Blazing World, the Empress single-handedly changes the world she rules for the worse, and then changes it back again. The message is that our worlds are not fixed; they are ever changing—fickle and subject to one event or action. Humans must realize that the actions of even one person can produce world-altering effects. The film Pleasantville demonstrates this idea. In the film, David, an unpopular and unhappy teenager in a post-lapsarian world, idealizes the life he sees in reruns of a black and white fifties television show called Pleasantville. After a visit from a mysterious television repairman, David and his sister Jennifer are transported into the show and into the lives of the characters Bud and Mary Sue. Jennifer, now known as Mary Sue, hates her new colorless existence, and sets about to change the town of Pleasantville. Her actions and ideas lead to the introduction of passion into Pleasantville, creating a whole new world-view for these naà ¯ve citizens. Mary Sue’s actions, at first scorned by her brother, now known as Bud, soon begin to change him, too. He leaves his unpopular, passionless existence behind, and finds the same pleasure in the discovery of passion as do the Pleasantville citizens. Mary Sue, who once scorned Bud for his love of Pleasantville’s depiction of a worry-free fifties life, now understands the virtues of that life; she begins reading and goes to college. Bud and Mary Sue chan... ...erence in the world, but I have found that even one person not eating meat saves thousands of animals and hundreds of acres of rainforest, and prevents an immeasurable amount of environmental degradation. Besides, according to Milton, Adam and Eve were vegetarians! Milton and Cavendish both give examples of a world being changed by the actions of one person. Interestingly, Adam and Eve’s world and the Empress’s world were perfect before they were changed. Today, our world is far from Eden or Paradise, and we are constantly bombarded with changes—sometimes for the better, sometimes for the worse. Our responsibility, a lesson we can take from Paradise Lost and The Blazing World, is that all of our actions have an effect. We must make sure that the effect is desirable and beneficial to all of humanity, and remember that it just takes one to make the change.

The Rich Brother by Tobias Wolff Essay -- Sibling Rivalry, Rich Brothe

The short story, "The Rich Brother," by Tobias Wolff represents the same concept that everyday people all over the world encounter. This portrays how having siblings can be an enormous part of a persons life. The rivalry between siblings is often very competitive, but at the same time similar to magnets. When they are not connected it may seem they are independent and whole, but when examined closely it is obvious they are really relying on each other to function properly. Although Pete and Donald's life are separate and completely different, they are in fact very dependent on each other. The meaning of dependence is the act of being influenced, relying on, or needing someone for aid or support. Dependence is one of the main characteristics that both Pete and Donald portray without it being easily comprehended. Pete needs Donald as much as Donald needs Pete on an emotional level. Throughout this short story Donald is the one that seems to have a life incomparable to Pete's but both brothers are missing something, and that something is each other. The story begins with Wolff describing the two brothers, Pete is the conceited successful brother with a life people dream about, and Donald is the younger brother who attempts to do something for everyone else when he could. Donald had made odd decisions, such as going to live on a farm in which members of his community had bought to form a family of faith. When Donald became unhappy he became dependent on Pete because he had no where to go, no car, and no money. Pete took action and drove out to pick him up to bring him ba ck to his house. If Pete did not care about Donald, even though they are brothers, he would have made Donald be independent and live in the real world. Pete's a... ...e this unfair life for Donald to come out ahead in the end." Donald had invested the one hundred dollars the Pete gave him on what Pete thought was extremely outrageous then got worried when he felt Donald would do something to out smart him. In conclusion, co-dependency and rivalry is very common in the world today. Though it is not a big issue out in the open, it is an emotional attachment that only one can define. In this short story the two main aspects of having siblings is the theme which revolves around codependency and rivalry. Having siblings is a part of everyday life and problems do occur which sometimes makes a person, or changes a person in ways. In this situation, Pete and Donald are completely different people but they are in fact very dependent upon one another. Work Cited Wolff, Tobias. â€Å"The Rich Brother.† Back in the World. New York: Bantam.

Does Internet Makes Us Stupid?

The influence of Internet on the society â€Å"When we succeed, we succeed because of our individual initiative, but also because we do things together. † This statement, which was made by President Barack Obama, makes us question whether the use of the Internet helps us succeed or makes us stupid and lock ourselves out of the outside world. The Internet bubble increases its volume and density rapidly, because the number of people and hours using the internet increases dramatically every day. Consequently, books and other research resources are becoming increasingly less valuable.The Internet has become the biggest library. By growing so rapidly, the Internet system not only makes life so much easier, but also may exceed certain ethical and moral limits. I think that it is true that the influence of Internet in some instances is making us less intelligent. In this essay, however, I am going to argue that internet doesn't make us stupid. In fact, I believe that what we build an d use now, is a huge new development for the nation and for us as individuals. First, I want to point out that Internet lets us develop as a nation. Since it improves continuously, we as human beings improve, as well.As we develop a system which can carry unimaginable amounts of knowledge, we can become smarter by taking advantage of the information. It doesn’t take that much time to find everything anymore. Thus, we can learn much more in a shorter time period, compared to finding something specific in books or articles, for example, which can be very time-consuming. Of course, books are most likely written in a high-level language, which is in many cases not applicable for the Internet and which can make us able to understand and use specific unusual words.On the other side, however, I think that we want to learn things in an understandable way and to be able to use them quickly, so that we can learn more in the limited time we have. It is true that many people access inapp ropriate internet information or spend more time playing games instead of relating to â€Å"real† people or being outdoors. It is also true that, in some cases, we are getting accustomed to accessing information so easily we don't appreciate it enough. This consequently, makes us lazy in doing research of our own. Instead, we are often using other people’s information and their opinions.I think, however, that this doesn’t make the majority of people less intelligent. In fact, it connects minds. For instance, we are doing something completely new, and we don’t want to do it badly or go to a bad place. The Internet allows us to read reviews and recommendations from people with experience. Thus, we are able to be prepared for something and do a better job. It is also often possible to chat 24 hours a day with someone personally from a specific company or even doctors. This results also in huge timesaving and answers our questions easily. This doesn’t make the people more stupid.To the contrary, it makes them more mature and we develop as human beings. Even people who are actually lazy or not as smart get the chance to improve themselves easily. People who are already very intelligent use the opportunity to go even beyond their abilities. Moreover, as mentioned in the introduction, President Obama also supports that Internet doesn’t make us more stupid, because we are not only relying on it, but thinking with human mind: â€Å"The point is, is that when we succeed, we succeed because of our individual initiative, but also because we do things together.There are some things, just like fighting fires, we don’t do on our own. I mean, imagine if everybody had their own fire service. That would be a hard way to organize fighting fires. So we say to ourselves, ever since the founding of this country: you know what, there are some things we do better together. † Although the Internet was created by decentralized gro ups of scientists and programmers and hobbyists, government financing supported much of the early research, obviously because it saw many advantages for the nation in it.In the New York Times article â€Å"The Internet? We create that†, the author supports Obama’s statement, by saying that â€Å"†¦ life is full of things we do better together. But what the Internet and its descendants teach us is that there are now new models for doing things together, success stories that prove convincingly that you don’t need bureaucracies to facilitate public collaboration, and you don’t need the private sector to innovate. † Thus, as shown, the Internet is a new way of learning and doing things which helps us to improve as a human beings.Pointing out things that we do and don't do together brings me to the next point of Internet as a huge advantage in international communication and developing our understandings. The Internet gives us the ability to commun icate with different people around the world and to improve our intellectual diversity. As we learn so much more from other countries and cultures, we get more open-minded and informed. We are getting close as a world community with fast and reliable communication possibilities around the world.In addition, business uses the internet to cooperate and trade with other companies all around the world and to become international. On one hand, this leads to more and better language skills, and on the other hand, to better understanding and studying of different cultures and economies. Consequently, the world view makes us smarter and makes us seek the best we can achieve. A few decades ago, people were not as informed about other countries and diverse as they are now. Every country can improve itself and take huge advantage of other countries, rather than just studying books and not connecting with real people and countries.The communication possibilities are more personal and interactiv e through different chat services and video conferences offered, for instance, by Skype, FaceTime, Whatsapp or Viber. We, who created the internet, did it to become more intelligent. To seek to the best is human nature. How else would everything be so easily and equally available for everyone? From my personal experience I can say that the communication possibilities through the Internet are one of the biggest advantages of the Internet. As an international student in the U. S. I can easily contact my family and friends back in Germany and be up to date. This enables me to study overseas without feeling as far apart and improve myself in all ways in a different culture. It is also worth mentioning that the internet makes it possible and realistic to study in a different language without having major difficulties. Since the internet offers fast access to information in all languages and different translation pages, it is possible to understand everything and make different researches . This fact connects to my last argument: The Internet is the best resource of information.Besides the facts that the Internet helps us to improve ourselves and connect with other countries easily, we have all resources collected together, which we improve and up-to-date constantly. Besides the point that we save time, it lets us compare lots of information. It is true that Internet has diminished our interest in reading books and going to the library. In the book â€Å"The Shallows,† Nicholas Carr mentions that the rise of the Internet might lead to loss of important mental talents because every technology would come with trade-offs.According to Carr, however, the Internet is actually good for the mind. He applies a comprehensive 2009 review of studies published on the cognitive effects of video games and found that gaming led to significant improvements in performance on various cognitive tasks, from visual perception to sustained attention. Consequently, he claims that dif ferent tasks of the Internet could increases the speed of information processing. We don’t need to stick with only a few resources, but can compare everything to get the most correct information, and as a side effect, increase our concentration skills.For example, when we are looking for a specific historic time period, we can compare resources from writers all over the world and thus, we can compare different views on certain aspects. What if the two books you find in the library have two completely different descriptions of an event? Where else, except on the internet through Google or Yahoo searches, could we find out what’s really true? Besides this, the Internet offers access to the latest research in different fields like technology, science or medicine. Isn't that what we want and what can make us smarter?A 2009 study by neuroscientists at the University of California proves that performing Google searches led to increased activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, at least when compared with reading a â€Å"book-like text. † This certain brain area would, according to the studies, underlie the precise talents, like selective attention and deliberate analysis, which would have vanished in the age of the Internet. Thus, the Internet or specifically â€Å"Google, isn’t making us stupid – it’s exercising the very mental muscles that make us smarter. In addition, students are most likely required to use the internet for extensive researches and be in contact from any place through email or blackboard, for example, to share information and learn. All in all, through my demonstrated arguments that internet lets us act as better people in our life, that it connects the world, and that it is the biggest library with all imaginable information, I strongly believe that Internet is making us predominantly cleverer.It is true that it all depends on an individual person and how he or she is taking advantage of the onli ne world. It also depends what character and habits the person has generally in his or her life, because so does he or she, most likely, get influenced by the internet. In my opinion, however, every person gets advantages of the Internet in their way and learns for his or her life. If, in some way we can say that Internet has a negative effect on the person, we can’t only blame the Internet.All interrupting technologies and the people attending the online world are seeking to get the attention of people, who are constantly craving to get new information in the best way. Consequently, many opportunities and offers are almost impossible to resist that we are wasting a lot of time in the internet. But we are human beings and we are trying to seek to the best or can you resist everything and just be perfectly mature? ——————————————– [ 1 ]. http://www. nytimes. com/2010/06/06/b ooks/review/Lehrer-t. html? _r=0