Social Punishment And Its Impact On Society Essay

Throughout time, the use of punishment has changed drastically. Not only has the actual infliction of punishment changed, the reasoning behind this punishment has also changed. There have been numerous scholars, educators, and researchers that have presented various theories on the reasoning behind societal punishment. Some of these theories are closely similar, however some are drastically different. It is important to note that these theorists have broad perceptions that can be rooted back to specific time periods throughout history. Societal punishment is defined as, â€Å"punishment being a complex social institution, shaped by the ensemble of social and historical forces and having a range of effects that reach well beyond the population of offenders† (Garland, 1991). There were many scholars throughout history that take various accounts into their theoretical framework to explore, as well as explain the use of societal punishment. Was societal punishment the work of poli tical enterprises? Or was the use of societal punishment widely implemented due to the economic drive associated within the criminal justice and penal system? There are a multitude of approaches that can be explored, however two researchers, Georg Rusche and Otto Kirchheimer set out to understand a different dynamic, the relationship between the labor market and incarceration (Garland, 1991). PURPOSE OF SOCIETAL PUNISHMENT Georg Rusche and Otto Kirchheimer were two researchers that delved deep into theShow MoreRelatedPunishment vs Rehabilitation1661 Words   |  7 PagesPunishment vs. Rehabilitation Helen Olko October 1, 2012 Abstract The expectations that our society has for the criminal justice system  is to punish and rehabilitate individuals who commit crime. Punishment and rehabilitation are also two of the four acknowledged objectives of the criminal justice system, with deterrence and incapacitation being the others. In the United States, punishment has always been the primary goal to achieve when dealingRead MoreCan Punitive Measures Curtail Crime? Essay841 Words   |  4 Pagesof fear of crime and violence of victims, it also has a devastating impact on the society. It is extremely important that all efforts should be made to reduce the level of crime in a society. But the question of concern is what measures can be taken to reduce the level of crime? What types of controls should be used so that the crime rate reduces to an optimal level? This paper will analyze the importance of punitivity in social welfare and as crime control policy. It is essential to understand theRead MoreThe Death Penalty And Its Effects On Society826 Words   |  4 PagesThe death penalty is still a major topic even in today’s society. In this short paper I am going to analyze the Supreme Court decision and how it influences the death penalty, the financial impact on society, and social impact of the death penalty on society. The death penalty does cause a financial burden on society to the point that a state can go bankrupt. The death penalty need to be handed down on case by case bases. Moreover, it cheaper to just give a sentence of life without parole. Read MoreCapital Punishment and the Media1249 Words   |  5 PagesCapital Punishment and the Media Xavier Mendez Professor Collica JUS110 September 12, 2011 Capital Punishment and the Media In today’s society, the capital punishment known as the death penalty has played a major role in the criminal justice system. It has brought important debates to the national attention in every aspect to whether end the lives of criminals. With the intense media coverage, it raised high standards on disputes on high profile cases such as serial killers. The attentionRead More Classical Criminology Essay1093 Words   |  5 Pagesclassical school of criminology was around in the eighteenth century. 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I will point out issues on how punishment and rehabilitation affects deterrence of crime, how it affects victims and their family. I will also discuss how it affects offenders, the impact it has on society, and the fiscal impact upon society. Punishment and rehabilitation helps the inmate in different ways.Read MorePaper 1688 Words   |  3 Pages Unit 2 In this paper I’m going to describe how society’s response to crime impacts public policy, sentencing, practices, and correctional operations. Also an overview of the evolution of society’s views on crime and punishment. Along with need for crime and punishment. Fallowed up by the shift in sentencing laws and impact (prisons, Get Tough On Crime, present day). Fallowed up an emphasis on punishment or rehabilitation currently. To start off First, what are some of society’s responsesRead MoreThe Retributive And Utilitarian Theory Of Punishment1478 Words   |  6 Pages Punishment is any kind of negative penalty inflicted on the wrong doer to prevent him from doing wrong in the future. Though there is no specific definition for punishment, it implies all those acts that are required to teach the wrong doer a lesson. Taking a negative step towards the offender. Since the evolution of time, there have been many sociologists who have given their theories on punishment and how the offender should be punished. The theories vary in terms of approach taken

Research On Youth Development Programs Essay - 905 Words

Research plays a vital role in all youth development programs. As the PowerPoint notes, we have applied methods derived from research through several modules in this class. Even without realizing it we put several research methods in practice while working with youth. Ongoing research is important for us as youth development workers to expand our knowledge on positive youth development to reflect the 4-H motto: to make the best better. In 4-H, we train all of our club leaders, project leaders and volunteers on the Ages and Stages research. We train them on this particular research method to help them better understand the youth they will be engaging with. Evidence based research such as Ages and Stages helps youth and adults to gain the most from any learning environment. I love learning about different research methods or theories. I took a research class for my Bachelor’s degree. I was the only one in the class that enjoyed it. My interest in research serves a posit ive influence in my career now. For any programming I offer I give a short evaluation. This helps me learn what could be better for the next time. The evaluations provide feedback for me to help my audience. Perhaps the most influential research we use in 4-H in through Richard Learner and his many studies applied directly to 4-H. His research has provided policies protecting at risk youth by providing staggering and impressive statistics. With his studies on 4-H, the program now hasShow MoreRelatedAt Risk Youth And Afterschool Programs Recreation Programing1577 Words   |  7 Pages At-Risk Youth and Afterschool Programs Recreation Programing In the United States and developed countries around the world, it is generally accepted that schools play a tremendous role in the lives of children, youth, and families in urban, rural, and suburban communities with populations of widely varying socioeconomic resources. However; in some communities there seems to be a clear need to provide more program support for organizations, and to provide programs and services for hoursRead MoreHispanic National Internship Program Essay778 Words   |  4 Pagescompleted the Hispanic National Internship Program at the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA), for the Summer 2017 Session. My duties were as follows: Clarify this section: Vulnerable Populations Project: I assisted Vulnerable Populations (Mental Health Wellness, LGBT Youth, Youth with Special Needs, Underrepresented Youth, Homeless Youth, Youth in Foster Care, Disconnected Youth, Immigrant Youth, and Incarcerated Youth): Champions postings for the NIFA websiteRead MoreEvaluation Of Established Mentorship Programs For Disengaged Youth Essay1714 Words   |  7 PagesIII. 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(2011). â€Å"The research says†: Definitions and uses of a key policy term in federal law and local school board deliberations. Argumentation and Advocacy, 47, 195-213. Barton, R., Nelsestuen, K., Mazzeo, C. (2014). Addressing the challenges of building and maintaining effective research partnerships. Lessons Learned, 4, 1-6. Bohnert, A., Fredricks, J., Randall, E. (2010). Capturing unique dimensions of youth organized activity involvement. Review of Educational Research, 80, 576-610. CoburnRead MoreAnalysis Of Ost Program Components ( Activities And Goals )1119 Words   |  5 PagesThis research was guided by three questions that pertained to practitioner reports of OST program components (activities and goals), rationales for the components, and use of research as a rationale. Findings related to each question are discussed and then implications for closing the science-to-practice gap are considered. First, all 21 practitioners identified goals and activities for their programs. 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Both tools enable youth to self-assess their interests and learn about various industries as well as how to write a resume, get work experience/ job training and other assistance.. Postsecondary credentials and work-based learning are important aspects of youth career development. Once your organization is aware of the youth’s potential career interests, you can invite professionalsRead MoreThe Problem with Teenage Childbearing in the United States1039 Words   |  4 Pagesfurther addressed. Addressing teen pregnancy and methods of prevention will help strengthen families and promote healthy development in the future. Evidence- based teen pregnancy programs, parent involvement, and community involvement need to be implemented to help decrease teen pregnancies and rates and sexual risk behaviors; a comprehensive approach would be the most beneficial for youth. Over the last two decades teen birth rates have declined, however the rates of teen births remain to be

The Cronulla Race Riots - Two Different Theories of Power

Question: Analyse a recent event (such as the Martin Place siege or Cronulla riots) through two different theories of power. Which theory of power offers a more compelling explanation of the event? Why? Answer: Introduction The current study focuses on the event that occurred in Australia which was called as Cronulla Riots. The riot between Lebanese and Aussies was so severe that it disturbed the economy of Australia and lead to damage of property to large extent with the loss of human life. The Cronulla Riot will be discussed and analyzed in the study in context to theories of power so that better results can be drawn. Moreover, the theory of power will help in knowing that which power relates most with the event. Cronulla Riot The riot happened on 4th December 2005 when an argument took place among two or three volunteer lifesavers of North Cronulla and four guys of Middle Eastern. The youths from Middle Eastern appearance assaulted the surf life savers. Both the parties fought over the ownership of the Cronulla beach which turned violent later on resulting one lifesaver unconscious as he was bashed very violently (Evers 2008). The newspaper covered the incident that worked as provocation to the people. Moreover the riot raised the racial and ethnic tensions that affected the nation and its economic growth. The riot injured almost 13 people on Sunday 11 December 2005 (Tasa.org.au 2015). The riot took place between the Arabs people and the Aussies people. The Lebanese gang bashed the lifesavers of Australia and forcefully exerted power on the Australian guys. The quarrel among the members gave rise to racism tension and all the community belonging to Muslim united together to stand against the Australian people (Reid 2010). The test message that was circulated by the media provoked the Australians and they engaged 5000 Australian people in order to reclaim the Cronulla Beach. Both the communities fought violently and culture of Australia was affected and nobody followed the law. Moreover, it was a hard time for the Australian force to control the riot (Reportingdiversity.org.au 2015). Theories of Power Pluralist Theories of Power According to this theory, the power was held by both the community that is Lebanese people and Australian people in the case of Crolluna Riot. Both of the communities formed their own group in order to fight with each other. Each community used their power to influence their people to fight against the Australian or Lebanese people (Poynting 2006). On the other hand, as the Lebanese communities were Muslim so maximum power was held in the hands of the Australian people. Both Lebanese and Australian people used their power so that Cronulla beach can be claimed. The powerful Australian local political group influenced almost 5000 people to raise their voice against the Lebanese community group in Crolluna Breach. Apart from that, the media such as Daily Telegraph used their power to add a fuel in the burning riot that influence people more and made the riot more violent (Smith 2006). The riots took such shape that injured many people and both the community. Lebanese Australian employed their power to disrespect the culture of Australia and the Australian Law. However, it can be viewed that during the clash between lifesavers and Lebanese gang, the Lebanese gang were holding more power as they were more in numbers that injured the volunteer lifesaver (Islammonitor.org 2015). Elite Theory of Power According to the elite theory, the power is concentrated in the hands of government, big companies, military, organizations and wealthy individuals. As per the case of Crolluna Beach, the highest power was in the hands of Australian military force to control the violent environment in Crolluna Beach (Stratton 2011). The military force brutally harmed the people and the people were beaten very badly by the military or police. Due to the violent approach of the police it led to injury of 104 people on 11th December. The police force caught the people and sent them to jail. On the other hand, some people have to lose their life as well that made people more violent against the police and military of Australia (Evers 2008). The police arrested large number of people over the days and kept the people in jail for number of days so that situation can get calm down. From the point of view of Sydney media, the media used their power in wrong way that racially motivated the Lebanese and Aussie people to have a fight for their rights (Reid 2010). The community fought such brutally that many countries warned there people not to visit Australia. Although, military and media used their power, but both the Lebanese and Aussie community also used power to reclaim the beach and fight for their pride (Sociology.org.uk 2015). Suitability of the Elite theory of power during the time of Cronulla Riots Elite form of theory is based on the power in the societies which is in hands of the few wealthy or few organisations. These people are los known as the economic elites. A t the time of Cronulla Riots broke in Sydney in 2005, among the surf life served and groups of Lebanese young me. This is theory of elite will give an insight of the reason for the fighting was occurred due to racism and the foul mouth between the two individuals which tend to broke into high voltage fight all over the South Wales and Australia (Stratton 2011). There has been huge difference between the pluralist theory and the elite theory model. Here the Elite form of theory is been used by the Australian locales who started fighting using foul languages with Muslim Lebanese (Sociology.org.uk 2015). Elite theory explains the actual reason for the broke out of the fight across the nations and specifically in the Sydney. The rule of elite in Australia as the locales of Australians who are also known as the native European are very much elite power in all societies and political groups. These elites in Australia are very much racist abuser who is also known as the ruler of the place or the native of the place (Evers 2008). This can be proved by the native of Australian chants bash lebs, Kill Lebanese, and go home Lebby Sucm are few of the articles which shows the protested by the crowed. Apart from that, large member of the people are very much got escape from the imprisonment for the hitting the Lebanese. This shows that elite group ahs immense power to rule the migrants within the Australia. This incident has changed the form of the Australian Advance Fair who are being attempted to fight with the police for the riots (Smith 2006). Police of Australia failed to control the crowds which are gathered in Lakemba mosque who are in face of Aussies. Although the Australian minister has condemned that, the country has any kind of racisms and the character of Australian people are beyond the ethnicity. Attacking the people on their race is just not an Australian way of living and cultured. From the month of July 2006 to 2007, Austrian Muslim students from 15-18 years of age in Sydney are very much in fear. Elite group of has been again insulted the Lebanese Australian who has being also taint as the thug and cowards by the 2GB talk back hosted by the Allen Jones on 7th of December. However, most of the Muslim in the country was very anxious about the happenings where the power of Australian people shows that, one of the Lebanese people were based by the Australian attackers to prove their point of power and include race war as their weapon for the defense (Poynting 2006). Sydney place is not able to even able to fund out the gangs who did it and the reason given for the communal riots which shows the injustice to the minor community that revolt into the huge war between the native and Muslim within the Australia. One of the major weapons for the power for the major community such as local natives of Australian is base on the wealth, traditions and religions authority (Reportingdiversity.org.au 2015). These rioters are very much uses power o for position to sustain in their decision on not to punish the rioters who are harmed the religion and made the characteristics of native red faced in front of the world. However, power elites are typically united by their beliefs which again support indirectly to the natives as favor for their religions (Reid 2010). Conclusion As given from the case study, the Cornulla riots are very much sequence of events which has been broke out in the Sydney harbor beach. There has been ample evidence which shows that the small fight turn into the national issues which again has shows the power of elite within the Australia. The case was sparked a way of claims and again the counter claims from the both sides which resultant into violence more broadly about the nature of race relations in Australia. The riots turn the chanting into the nations anthem by respect and pride for White Australians. However the other fears shame and fear. This is form of power is also known as the elite group power who dominates others by large with its religion, tradition and money. References Journals: Evers, C. 2008. 'The Cronulla Race Riots: Safety Maps On An Australian Beach'. South Atlantic Quarterly 107 (2): 411-429. Poynting, S. 2006. 'What Caused The Cronulla Riot?'. Race Class 48 (1): 85-92. Reid, Carol. 2010. 'Will The 'Shire' Ever Be The Same Again? Schooling Responses To The Cronulla Beach Riot'. Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 2 (1): 47. Smith, Tony. 2006. 'The Cronulla Chaos: Five Gloomy Explanations'. AQ: Australian Quarterly 78 (1): 9. Stratton, Jon. 2011. 'Non-Citizens in the Exclusionary State: Citizenship, Mitigated Exclusion, and the Cronulla Riots'. Continuum 25 (3). Websites: Islammonitor.org,. 2015. 'Cronulla- Five Years On' Reportingdiversity.org.au,. 2015. 'The Cronulla Riots- The Sequence Of Events'. Sociology.org.uk,. 2015. 'Theories of Power'. Tasa.org.au,. 2015. 'The Cronulla Riot: How One Newspaper Represented The Event'.

Coulumbs Law Lab Report Essay Example

Coulumbs Law Lab Report Paper This relationship is described by the following equation: Equation 1: In this equation, and are the charges on point charges 1 and 2 and r is the distance between the two charges. The direction of the force in this special case is always along a straight line drawn between the two charges. Additionally, it is important to note that charge is conserved; it can be moved but cannot be created or destroyed. Specifically, in this lab, we will move the charges around to setup a test of Coulombs law on a simple electroscope. As mentioned above, he experiment will be split into two parts, first measuring the force as a function of distance and then we will look at how the magnitude and sign of the charges affects the force. Lastly, we will use Equation 1 above to determine the amount of charge (in Coulombs) that we can generate with static electricity. 3. Experimental Setup The apparatus used in this experiment included: an electroscope chamber with suspended sphere and top cover, 2 guide blocks with spheres, cotton and wool squares, plastic rods, and a white vinyl strip. It is crudely drawn below. Figure 1 Electroscope Setup 4. Reoccurred Part 1 Charging a Sphere 1. Began by removing the right side guide block and setting it aside. 2. Inductively charged the sphere attached to the left side guide block by doing the following: a. Rubbed the wool square on the vinyl strip to transfer charge to the strip b. Brought the sphere on the guide block near to the charged strip but do not touch them together. Wi th the sphere close to the strip, I touched the sphere with my finger and then removed my finger. C. After the finger was removed from the sphere, I pulled the sphere away from the charged strip. The sphere on the guide block was then charged. Recharged the sphere again for the next part 4. Slowly slid the guide block with the charged sphere into the left side of the chamber and carefully observed the two spheres as they approached each other and just before they touch. Recorded observations. Part 2 Dependence of Force on Distance 1 . Now we wanted to add charge to the suspended sphere by charging our guide block sphere as before and then sliding it into the chamber until the two spheres touch. 2. When the two spheres touch, the charge becomes equally distributed among them. We repeated this charge transfer and kept increasing the charge n the suspended sphere. We will write a custom essay sample on Coulumbs Law Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Coulumbs Law Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Coulumbs Law Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Repeated this charging process until we had sufficient repulsive force to cause a separation of at least 1 CM to 2 CM. 3. Measured the displacement of the suspended sphere from equilibrium d for several different separation distances r. Took 5 different data points spread out over as wide a range as possible. Part 3 Dependence of Force on Charge 1 . Recharge the spheres, and after the two spheres have shared their charge, position the left guide block sphere such that you have a large displacement. Record the separation of the two charges r and the distance d. This is the first ATA point 2. Reduced the charge on the left guide sphere by half. To do this, grab the unused right guide block sphere and ground it using your finger, then remove your finger and touch the two spheres together. They now each have half the initial charge. 3. Now reposition the left guide guide block sphere to the previous value of r and record the new value of d. 4. Repeat this process two more times with 1/4 and 1/8 the original charge. 5. Experimental Results Part 2 Fee Calculation: Graph 1 Force vs Sphere Separation Graph 2- Force vs 1/raw Graph 3 Log of Force vs Log of 1/raw Part 3 Graph 4- Fee/Of vs Q/q Charge calculation 6. Questions part 1. A. What would happen if in step 2-c, you remove the charged strip from the vicinity of the sphere before your remove your finger from the sphere? B. What we have just done is charging by induction. In your own words describe what is happening in panels a through e in figure 2. C. The gray spheres are Styrofoam with a conductive coating. Why do we need the spheres to be conducting? D. Does the suspended force experience a force? Can you explain why the suspended sphere would experience a force even though it has no net charge? Doesnt this contradict Coulombs Law which says that you need two charged objects to have a force? E. Notice in the left panel of figure 3 that the size of the spheres is important the unlike charges are much closer to the charged sphere than the like charges. What is the consequence of this? Part 2- a. Plot a graph of the force as a function of the separation of the two spheres. Comment on the general trend of the data: does it look as you would expect? Why or why not? B. Is the graph linear? What would a linear dependence between Fix and 1/raw tell you? What does the slope of this plot represent physically?

Writing College Admissions Essays From the Heart

Writing College Admissions Essays From the Heart There are several different ways that you can write a college admissions essay. One way is to be very analytical in your approach, and direct your argument as you would toward a group of impartial strangers. Another is to be extremely conversational in your essay, as if you were talking to a friend. In my opinion, however, the best approach to take when writing your college admissions essay is to write it as you would a well organized, passionate, and heartfelt speech. As previously covered, college admissions personnel require personal essays from their applicants both as a method to test applicants writing skills as well as to get to know them personally. With this in mind, you should speak from the heart when composing your college admissions essay. Now, this doesnt mean that the tone of your essay should be casual and/or conversational, but it should be relaxed enough so that the people reading it feel as though they capture your individuality. I feel that the biggest mistake a person can make when writing a college admissions essay is to approach it as if it was a research paper and/or subject analysis. The point of college admissions essays is to write about yourself and discuss your goals for the future! That is what admission board members want to know they want to know about you. Composing an admissions essay from an impartial perspective will only stand to alienate the admissions council. . .and hurt your chances of admission. Writing a college admissions essay doesnt have to be excruciating. As long as you are honest in your approach, you can rest assured that your voice will be heard. If you would like help writing your college admissions essay or if you would like to know where you can find a professional editor who is qualified in proof-reading college admissions essays, please dont hesitate to contact me.

Modern Heroes essays

Modern Heroes essays There are significant differences between celebrities and heroes. Heroes deserve more awards than celebrities do. Everyday heroes such as policemen, firemen, doctors and teachers deserve awards for their service to the community. We must recognize them as heroes working towards the wellbeing of other people. Real heroes should receive recognition for their accomplishments from the media. General Aung San, who founded the Burmese Army in 1941 and fought for independence from the British, is considered as the father of the nation. When Burma was under the British rule, Aung San first made his name through university level political action. Aung San fled to Japan in 1940 following his arrest for participating in the Communist Party of Burma. In 1941, Aung San and his thirty comrades founded the Burmese Independence Army (BIA). Aided by BIA, the Japanese marched into Burma within weeks of Pearl Harbor. Japan declared Burma an independent country and allowed General Aung San to create the Burma National Army (BNA). General Aung San took the position of the Defense Minister in BNA. At the end of War World II, Japan lost the War and Burma came under the British rule for the second time. General Aung San wanted independence immediately from England and also wanted to establish a democratic, civilian government. In July 1947, General Aung San was assassinated by his enemie s at the age of thirty-two before Burma was able to declare her independence in 1984. He might not be as well known as a famous actor, but he deserved recognition as a hero for his service to his country and people. Aung S. Su Kyi, daughter of General Aung San continue to struggle for democracy and human rights in Burma, and became the leading representative of the movement for freedom and democracy. She was only two years old when enemies assassinated her father in 1947, the year before Burma finally won its independence form England. In 1988, Aung S. Ky ...

Capital Budgeting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Capital Budgeting - Research Paper Example Capital budgeting is a resource allocation process that requires a balance between three factors, which include amount of resources that are to be expended, rate of utilization of those resources, and the time within which the investment starts showing some return in the form of profit. The basic aim of this report is to provide an in-depth understanding of important issues related to capital budgeting. The report also demonstrates the role of capital budgeting in the process of business development. Importance of Capital Budgeting Morgan (2006) states, â€Å"The success of a business depends on the capital budgeting decisions taken by the management†. Capital budgeting is basically a tool to evaluate, analyze, compare, and select the most appropriate project from a list of projects available for investment. Capital budgeting is one of the most important managerial tools, which helps the managers choose among different projects based on cash flows and rates of return. The mana gers choose those projects for investment, which are likely to generate considerable profits for their companies. In an interview with Mr. Darren Sammy, assistant manager finance department of Covrick Business Solutions, Sammy said that capital budgeting, if done properly, not only strengthens the financial position of the investing companies but also plays its role in strengthening the economy of a country as a whole (D. Sammy, personal communication, February 25, 2011). One can know the importance of capital budgeting by the fact that it increases a company’s credibility and profits by assisting the managers in the selection of most suitable investment opportunity for the company. Capital budgeting also helps the companies get considerable benefits from an investment over time, reduce the risks related to capital shortage, and increase the revenues. Three Important Factors There are some factors, which the companies need to consider while creating a capital budget for any s pecific project. Tatum (2011) asserts, â€Å"In order for the capital budgeting for a project to be attractive, the projections have to indicate several factors that will make up the outcome of the project†. Those factors include time needed to recoup the allocated resources, expected generation of revenues from the project, and amount of resources required to sustain the project’s momentum. It is a fact that a company, which recoups all allocated resources within a reasonable amount of time, enjoys more profits from the venture as compared to those companies which are not able to recover their investments in a short time. Capital budgeting for a project is successful if the project continues to generate profits for a long time. The graph of profitability generated from a selected project should continue to rise before leveling out, and this can only happen when the amount of resources required to sustain the project’s momentum are less than the amount of resour ces allocated to the project at the point of launch. Capital Budgeting Process Having discussed the importance of capital budgeting in the businesses and the considerable factors for budgeting, let us have a look at the capital budgeting process. The capital budgeting process helps managers select the most profitable projects from a pool of projects, time the projects’ expenditures, and include the selected projects into a

Thought paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Thought paper - Assignment Example However, it seems like it would take a quick study to recognize the cues that indicate these issues. In most cases, I wouldn’t have caught the cues if it hadn’t been for the arrows pointing them out. However, not having the arrows to do so, I might have paid closer attention to the text. What I found most interesting about the article was that the final couple, who were discussing issues that would never be resolved, were the ones that had the best chances of celebrating a happy marriage. Their issues didn’t seem to be much different from the other couples featured – couple 1 fundamentally disagreed about him talking to her more when he wanted only to be left alone and couple 3 had essentially the same problem as she wanted him to talk to her more and he wanted to leave things private – but the outcomes were very different simply by the way they discussed them and the expectations each had. Couple 1 expected the other to change, couple 3 acknowledge d that they had different ways of seeing things and agree to continue trying to meet halfway. As far as the article relates to class readings, I can see a lot of ways in which the communication styles of the couple will affect the family. The naturalistic study vows not to interfere in the relationship and thus is able to determine which communication styles are effective in helping a marriage last. There are a number of ways that the family can be examined, but all of these would be affected by poor communication. For example, there seems to be a strong bias in which the women are constantly seeking attention and validation from the men and in which the men are constantly seeking escape or silence from the women. This could be the examination of the conflict theorists or the biosocial theorists. The issues brought up in chapter three regarding poverty and the

The Underestimation of Violent Sexual Offender Recidivism Essay Example for Free

The Underestimation of Violent Sexual Offender Recidivism Essay The sex offender varies in types of crimes.   Some have committed violent sexual assaults on strangers, have had inappropriate sexual contact with family members, molested children, and others have engaged in a wide range of other inappropriate and criminal sexual behaviors.   A homogenous category of â€Å"sex offenders,† in terms of distinguishing factors linked to recidivism will be hidden and unreliable results will be obtained from studies of recidivism patterns.   Therefore, how can we predict specific violent sex offender reoffense, with an aim to integrate these results logically within existing databases? The common sources of data are from NCVS (National Crime Victim Surveys), survey of State Prison Inmates, and FBI files.    These reports list the overall characteristics of victims and offenders such as background, education, psychological profiles etcand are collected by the Bureau of Justice Statistics.   In addition, the reporting of sexual offenses is very hard on the part of victims due to shame, guilt and trauma, altering the accuracy of the data. This is particular true in the case of children and teenagers victims.   Prediction of reoffense along with an offender’s profile may help prevent the failure of rehabilitation.   Prediction must be based on an acceptable and standard method of determination in order to be included within these existing databases.   In addition, the integration of the recidivism data into these databases must be based on the consideration of certain factors: Understanding general crime recidivism as opposed to sex offense reoffense Historical characteristics as static factors Characteristics, circumstances, and attitudes that can change throughout one’s life or dynamic factors The overall recidivism rate of a certain group of sex offenders Reconciliation of observed data contradictions For a variety of reasons, sexual assault is a vastly underreported crime. The National Crime Victimization Surveys (Bureau of Justice Statistics) conducted in 1994, 1995, and 1998 indicate that only 32 percent (one out of three) of sexual assaults against persons 12 or older are reported to law enforcement.   (Kilpatrick, Edmunds,, 1992) A review of studies showed that the recidivism rate for specific types of offenders varied.   Research suggests that many offenders have histories of assaulting across genders and age groups, rather than against only one specific victim population. (Marshall Barbaree, 1990): Incest offenders ranged between 4 and 10 percent Rapists ranged between 7 and 35 percent Child molesters with female victims ranged between 10 and 29 percent Child molesters with male victims ranged between 13 and 40 percent In their summary of the research on the recidivism of rapists, Quinsey, Lalumiere, Rice, and Harris noted that the significant variation in recidivism across studies of rapists is likely due to differences in the types of offenders involved (institutionalized offenders, mentally disordered offenders, or probationers). (Quinsey, Lalumiere, Rice, Harris, 1995) Studies on sex offender recidivism vary broadly in the quality and rigor of the research design, the sample of sex offenders and behaviors included in the study, the length of follow-up, and the criteria for success or failure.   Finally, since base rate differences have been identified across types of sex offenses, it makes sense to study recidivism of sex offenders by offense type. To overcome these consistency problems, meta-analysis reviews of research studies can be very useful in summarizing the scope of certain types of offenses collated with the offenders themselves and their types of victims. (Hanson Bussiere, 1998) In sum, because meta-analysis findings can be generalized across studies and samples, they offer the most reliable estimation of factors associated with the recidivism of sex offenders. References Hanson, R. K., Bussiere, M. (1998). Predicting relapse: A meta-analysis of sexual offender recidivism studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66(2), 348-362. Quinsey, V. L., Lalumiere, M. L., Rice, M. E., Harris, G. T. (1995). Predicting sexual offenses (J.C. Campbell, Ed.). Thousands Oaks, CA: Sage. Marshall, W. L., Barbaree, H. E. (1990). Outcomes of comprehensive cognitive-behavioral treatment programs. New York: Plenum. Kilpatrick, D. G., Edmunds, C. N., Seymour, A. (1992). Rape in America: A report to the nation (Victims of Crime and Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center). Washington DC, DC: National Center for Victims of Crime and Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center.

Malcolm X Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"There can be no black-white unity until there is first some black unity.† (Malcolm X, March 8, 1964) Malcolm X was probably one of the most controversial elements in the civil rights movement. Due to his radical views and actions he was detested by many peoples at that time, yet still today he is seen as a key figure along with Rosa Parks and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Malcolm X had become a member of the Nation of Islam in his earlier years. The Islamic faith borrows basic ideas from the orthodox teachings of Islam and combines them with the very racist views regarding whites taught by Elijah Mohammed. Malcolm was a very influential priest for the Nation of Islam. After questioning some of the views and beliefs of the Nation of Islam, Malcolm angered many of its followers. This forced Malcolm to travel on a journey overseas to Arabia to find out what his true beliefs were. When he reached Arabia, he found that it was a different society than that of which Elijah Mohammed had described it. Malcolm discovered that race played no role in determining a person’s status in society. Viewing this made a positive change in Malcolm X’s beliefs and views. This unity of human kind made Malcolm think and change his ideas about the solution to the racial problem in America. This was the most influential turning point in his lif e.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Malcolm first adopted his views and beliefs of the Nation of Islam while he was serving time in prison. By the time he had gotten out of prison, he had undergone a transformation from a drug-dealing thief to a religious priest of the Nation of Islam. Mohammed’s racist teachings were taken in by Malcolm. It was through these teachings that Malcolm X developed his radical views about race in America.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Under the guidance and teachings of Elijah Mohammed, Malcolm had targeted all whites and blamed them for position of African Americans in society. He referred to the whites as devils, which tried making the standards of blacks even lower then they already were. Malcolm X believed that complete segregation was the only way to end racial problems in America. He also said that all actions committed against blacks in history were due to the white race as a whole. Another one of his claims was that all blacks should move to Africa, a... ...was Malcolm Little, he was a drug addict, a thief, and an all around criminal. As Malcolm X, he went from a low life hoodlum to a very influential priest for the Nation of Islam. As Malik El-Shabazz, he went from teaching racial segregation to preaching racial equality and unification. He basically went from one end of the spectrum straight to the other. In the end, he became a good man, who taught what was right in his eyes. Unfortunately, Malcolm Little (a.k.a. Malcolm X, a.k.a. Malik El-Shabazz) was assassinated in the Audubon Ballroom by members of the Nation of Islam in Harlem on February 21, 1965. He was world famous at this time as â€Å"the angriest black man in America.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Having been a significant and prominent figure in the civil rights advancement for blacks from my point of view, Malcolm X was a necessity even though some viewed his actions as flaws. His conversion from a odious black man believing in segregation was the only way, to a powerful leader in civil liberties, proved momentous in his development of becoming that powerful leader. Organizations led by Malcolm at that time united African Americans additionally supporting there movement.

Othello Essay

In Shakespeare’s Othello, we see the protagonist Othello being deceived due to his openness of nature and credulity. When Iago estimates Othello’s character as follows, â€Å"The moor is of a free and open nature, / Those thinks men honest but seem to be so. / And will as tenderly be led by the nose/ As asses are. † (II. i. 387-90). We see that it is this trait of his which strained his relationship with his beloved Desdemona. The great tragedy of Shakespeare, Othello, starts with a marriage which was based on a very strong bond of love between Othello and Desdemona. From the early part of the play itself, it is evident that Othello has a slight feeling about his inferiority in terms of beauty and color. He substantiates this point by telling that instead of loving him for what he is, â€Å"She loved me for the dangers I had pass’d, / And I loved her that she did pity them. † (I. iii. 167-8) We see that throughout the play, Othello is a victim of his own jealousy and Iago’s betrayal. This gives way to a change in attitude towards his lady love- Desdemona. As a result, Desdemona, once the whole world of Othello, became his ‘most loved enemy’ who happened to die by his own hands. Hence we can see that love in their relation reaches the highest point that even the lover’s life is at the disposition of her better half. That too as a victim of suspicious loyalty Desdemona is believed by him to be immersed in an affair with his trusted lieutenant, Cassio. To take advantage of the grains of suspicion in the mind of Othello about Desdemona, Iago sets the stage through her handkerchief. Othello is convinced by Iago that his fears about Desdemona’s disloyalty towards him are beyond doubt by promising that he saw Desdemona’s handkerchief with Cassio: â€Å"By Heaven, that should be my handkerchief† (IV. . 147). It is here that we get the most evident proof of Othello towards his wife as the love for his wife is well conveyed by making it clear that he can not bear to live knowing that his wife has become a whore,: â€Å"Aye, let her rot, and perish, and be damned tonight, for she shall not live. † (IV. i. 168). Thus a man, who was hailed for his royal lineage, his skill for adventure, his most efficient soldiership, his openness of nature and credulity, his modesty, and dignity stoops to the level of a murderer without any second thoughts. He did so because he loved his wife so dearly so that whether he lived or died, whether he maintained his reputation or not, nothing was of importance to him compared to his love for Desdemona. Here their relationship turns out to be ironic for it is difficult for a common man to think that one would murder someone for intense unblemished love. On the other hand, we see Desdemona forgetting her very self out of her self-effacing love and devotion for Othello. She idolized him, as she says: â€Å"I saw Othello’s visage in his mind/ And to his honours and his valiant parts/ Did I my soul and fortunes consecrate. (I. iii. 251-3). When she was charged with infidelity, and that her husband could not have done anything more unkind, she could only protest: â€Å"His unkindness may defeat my life,/ But never taint my love. † (IV. ii. 159-61). Her tactlessness that springs from her purity and innocence was what brought about her death. If she had imbibed the worldly maxims, which Emilia dispensed, she might have averted the disaster. She made a capital blunder in engaging herself to solicit for Cassio. She had not the remotest idea that her action might be misinterpreted. She did not realize it even at the visible displeasure of her lord. A woman of the world would have taken the hint, and pressed no more Cassio’s suit. Iago, in spite of himself, meant but the simple truth when he said, â€Å"She is of so free, so kind, so blessed a disposition, she holds it a vice in her goodness not to do more than she is requested. †(II. iii. 298-9). Not till the last moment did the truth break upon her mind that she had compromised herself by pleading for Cassio. It is the simplicity and purity of Othello and Desdemona, in all means that is exploited by Iago, who was trusted to the utmost by both, especially Othello. Othello’s life was always lived by faith, instead of right. Moreover, he was a man whose nature was passionate and high, generous in thought and ready in action. He considered all that is subtle and devious as dishonor, and as Desdemona understood about him, jealousy and suspicion was foreign to his nature. His life was always identified with his absolute trust in Desdemona. But when a person who was too honest to him throughout and a good friend full of experience, honor, devotion and delicacy to him, exhorted too vehemently that Desdemona is not at all honest to him and that she is having a very passionate love affair with Cassio, his innocence and purity forces him to believe it. Desdemona too is a victim to the darker shades of finer feelings like innocence, purity and simplicity. She is a saint who always stood firm for love, be it to her father or her husband. She firmly believes that there is nothing in this world that cannot be recovered by true love. Her answer concerning the fatal handkerchief, â€Å"It is not lost; but what an if it were? †(II. iv. 79) shows she, most pathetically and with a childlike innocence, endeavors to uphold the truth of her relation to her husband. If she had tried to reply to the accusation she was in, with harsh words, her angelic stature in the minds of those who loved her might have faltered. A close reading of the play substantiates the fact that Othello and Desdemona are the two most innocent people that ever existed. At first their relationship is romantic to the utmost but it takes a profane hue in course of time due to the lack of a perfect foundation for a relationship, by race, color, temper and character and hence we see an absence of trust, understanding and communication between the two. For Othello, the word ‘battle’ is of foremost importance as he was a perfect soldier. We see him telling about himself: â€Å"Rude am I in my speech, / And little bless’d with the soft phrase of peace; / For since these arms of mine had seven years’ pith, / Till now some nine moons wasted, they have us’d/ Their dearest action in the tented field;/ And little of this great world can I speak/ More than pertains to feats of broils and battle†. (I. iii. 81-7). In sharp contrast to this, we have Desdemona who is totally inexperienced in the ways of the world. It is Othello’s war stories that infatuate her. Once she identifies his virility and manliness, she is taken aback with a mad love towards him. But it should be debated whether that is a solid base on which a relation should be built on. We see that though she speaks so fondly about him, her understanding about his nature is minimum. She defends her newly born love for Othello, in the following words, (among other things), â€Å"My downright violence, and storm of fortunes, / May trumpet to the world. My heart’s subdu’d / Even to the very quality of my lord. / I saw Othello’s visage in his mind, /†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ soul and fortune consecrate. † (I. iii 248-253) Hence the whole play shows forth that it is innocence and purity that laid foundation to the failure of the relation between Othello and Desdemona who was renowned for the purity of love between them crossing all the barriers that were ‘built’ by man. These good qualities, undoubtedly, turned fatal in their all encompassing love. We find Anthony Trollope’s Lady Anna an apt sequel to the relationship presented between Othello and Desdemona. In the above-said novel we have Daniel Thwaite, a tailor and his lover, later wife, Lady Anna, who belongs to the aristocracy. There too we have Frederic instead of Cassio. In both these works we see that the people with whom the ladies are accused of having an illegitimate relation are far better and appropriate than their present spouses. This instills a feeling of inferiority in both the men and that is what takes the garb of jealousy and in course of time their intense love to their better halves become too bitter and lead them to much graver mistakes. Trollope, no doubt had Shakespeare’s Othello in mind, while he was drawing his caricatures of Lady Anna, Thwaite and Frederic to make them sequels to Desdemona, Othello and Cassio respectively.

Young Volunteers

It can be quite a challenge to get teenagers to focus on anything other than the latest fashion and the latest technological gadgets, but instilling a sense of volunteerism and community service can go a long way toward making young people responsible and well rounded. This sense of responsibility and community service will be important, of course, as those teenagers grow and enter the world of college and career. It is never too early to instill a sense of community responsibility and involvement, and teens of all ages can benefit from those experiences. I believe participating in volunteer service is a beneficial for teens to be involved in because it’s constructive and by doing things that interest them, teens often gain new skills and find new career opportunities that they hadn't thought of before. In addition, the experiences gained in volunteer settings can provide teens with skills in leadership and decision-making, and also look attractive on college and scholarship applications. By Volunteering, Teens are exposed to people and circumstances they have not encountered in their life. Volunteers learn about respect and kindness; I can relate to this based on my own experience through working with the elderly, serving the homeless at a shelter, and mentoring disabled children. The advantages of such community service and community involvement are many, from a greater feeling of self satisfaction and self esteem to a better perception from college admission officers and hiring managers down the road. Besides finding new career opportunities, volunteering also provides teens with other skills necessary in the job market, skills that help with their education will also help in the business world. Volunteering also shows employers and colleges that they believe in making the world a better place and are willing to sacrifice their time and energy to do it. Finally, volunteering provides teens a chance to increase their knowledge in certain areas, and having that knowledge and impact will be extremely beneficial in the future. The impact the activities have may take years to show up, but even so, the impact is there. Volunteering is a win-win situation to both the volunteer and the community.

How to Guess Strategically on SAT Math

How to Guess Strategically on SAT Math SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The SAT gives negative penalties for guessing, so you shouldn’t even bother to guess on the SAT math section...right? Well yes and no. Guessing requires strategy for a test like the SAT, but it is possible (and indeed we recommend that you do so!) when you can do it smartly. In this guide, we’ll go through when and how to guess strategically on the SAT math section and show you examples of it in action. Refresher on SAT Math Scoring and Organization The SAT is a standardized test, which means that each SAT must look and feel like every other SAT as much as possible. The individual questions may vary, but the patterns in how the test-makers design both the questions and the answer choices will be as similar as can be. With time and practice, you can learn to not only recognize these patterns when you see them, but also use the clues in both the question and the answer choices to help you find your right answer (or at least narrow down your options!). To refresh your understanding of how the SAT math test is structured, let’s look at how it is scored. For each multiple choice question, you will get: +1 point for every correct answer, 0 points for every blank answer, and -0.25 points for every incorrect answer. For each math grid-in question, you will get: +1 point for every correct answer and 0 points for every blank OR incorrect answer. There is no negative penalty for an incorrect grid-in answer. There will be a total of 54 math questions on the test, 44 multiple choice and 10 grid-in. [Note: if you receive an extra math section on the day of the test, it will be because this is your â€Å"experimental† section. If this happens, you will have a total of 74 math questions64 multiple choice and 10 grid-in. There will never be any additional grid-in questions in the experimental section.] Developing a Target Score Because the SAT delivers a penalty for incorrect answers, your strategy for how to approach the SAT math section will depend on your target score and will change as your score goals change. First, take a practice test,and try to slow down a little more than might feel natural as you work through your test. In addition, come up with different ways to mark your questionsone mark for questions you don't know how to do, and another mark for questions you're only somewhat confident about. You may even want to create a third marker for questions that you know how to do, but will take a long time or will require multiple steps, so must be done carefully to avoid error. This way, you can save them for last (though this is optional). For now, use your best judgment on whether to skip or guess the questions you've marked, but do make sure that you can identify which problems were which later. These marks will help you when you go to analyze your answers (and your guessing strategy) in the next section. Once you're done with your practice test, check out our guide to developing your ideal target score, based on your current scores and the schools you want to get into. Don't worry if you're a little off your target right now. A little strategy and practice will soon get you much closer to where you want to be (if not right on the bull's eye!). Guessing Based on Target Score After you find your target curved score, see how that translates to your raw score. How many questions must you answer correctly to get that target score? Keep that number in your head and then plan to answer a few more questions than that target. Why? You are leaving yourself room to get a few questions wrong. For example, if your target SAT math score is 600, you’ll need a raw score of about 37. But to get a raw 37, you must answer 37 questions correctly and absolutely no questions wrong. Since this is difficult for most students, you should aim to answer somewhere in the range of 44 questions. This would allow you to miss up to 6 questions and still get a raw score of 37. How? If you answered 38 questions correctly and missed 6, you would have a score of: 38+6(−0.25) 38−1.5 36.5 The SAT rounds up any score ending in 0.5 or 0.75, so your raw score would be rounded to 37. Success! Once you’ve scored your test, look back on the questions you marked. How accurate is your guessing right now? Did you mostly get questions right or wrong that you marked as "didn't know" or "kind of knew," or did you leave most of these blank? Is there a pattern in your missed guesses? But what happens if you're currently well under your target raw score? If this is the case, then you're going to want to establish a two-tonged study approach of brushing up on the individual math topics you're struggling in right now and learning how to guess more effectively. So now that you’ve seen how you’re guessing strategies have worked so far (even if that means you haven't been guessing at all), let’s talk best guessing strategies for SAT math. The more you practice, the more refined and honed your study skills and guessing abilities will become. SAT Math Guessing Strategies The SAT math section is designed to test how well you can recognize and figure out how to apply familiar mathematical concepts to new situations. But though the scenarios may be unusual, each and every math topicon the test is one that you are likely familiar with and have studied for a number of years. This is all to say that you likely have a better understanding of the questions than you may think, even if you don’t know how to actually solve the problem. Often (though not always), a little strategy will allow you to eliminate at least one or two answer choices and make an educated guess. Note: this may seem apparent, but only use your guessing strategies when you don't know how to solve a problem or are not confident about your answer. Guessing often takes a little more time than a straight-solve, so if you know the answer, great! Move on to the next problem. Only stop and take the time to guess if you're stuck. We’ve laid out three of the most important rules of thumb that go into making an educated guess on an SAT math problem. Most of the time you will use a combination of these three techniques on any given problem, so they are less individual strategy than they are a combination of thought processes that you should go through every time you make a guess. So let’s look at all three techniques needed to best make guesses (and when to do so!) on the SAT math section. Guessing Strategy 1: Process of Elimination Being able to eliminate questions SAT is arguably a more important skill than even being able to solve questions (or at least equally as important). Most of the SAT math questions are multiple choice, which means that the correct answer is always there amongst the answer choices. This may seem obvious, but it means that you have two options to get the right answeryou can solve the problem for the correct answer, oryou can simply eliminate four wrong answers. Whatever remains must be correct. Either option you choose will each get you to the right answer in the end. For example, is it impossible that the answer to a certain problem be negative? Do you know the parabola must open upwards, even if you don't know how it's positioned horizontally? Even knowing just a tiny bit about the problem or its possible answer will often be enough to eliminate a few answer choices. But what if don't know enough about the problem toknow that four answers are wrong? Is eliminating just one or two answer choices enough? When, exactly, should you make a guess? Eliminating 0 Answer Choices So you’ve come to a question and you can’t eliminate any answer choices at allshould you guess? Definitely not! The test is designed to make random guessing (quite literally) pointless. With the -0.25 point penalty and 5 answer choices for each question, random guessing will balance out to 0 points earned over time. Why? A one-in-five chance of a right answer will get you one right answer and four wrong answers for every five questions. This gives you: 1+4(−0.25) 1−1 0 points for every five questions. Better to leave it blank and move on. Eliminating 1 Answer Choice All right, let’s say you can eliminate one answer choice, but no othersshould you guess now? Unfortunately, the answer is: it depends. If you can eliminate one answer choice, then you will have a one-in-four chance of getting the right answer. Over the course of several questions, you will earn: 1+3(−0.25) 1−0.75 0.25 points for every four questions you can answer this way. As you can see, technically, if you can eliminate one answer, then it is to your benefit to guess. But this only works over the long-term and, even then, only if you make your final selection at random. Since human beings are not random, our advice is only to guess when you can eliminate two or more answer choices. Eliminating 2 Answer Choices (Now We’re Getting Somewhere!) You’ve eliminated two answer choices that you know have to be wrong and are now down to three possibilities. This is the time to start guessing. Though eliminating one answer and making a guess might be worth it in the long-term (as in, you must do so over the course of several questions), you should really only make a guess when you can eliminate two or more answer choices. This will give you a one-in-three chance of guessing the right answer, which will earn you: 1+2(−0.25) 1−0.5 0.5 points for every three questions you can answer this way. [Note: getting 0.5 points has an extra bonus in that raw scores on the SAT are rounded up at the 0.5 mark. So if you have a raw score of 41.5, you will actually end up with a final raw score of 42!] Eliminating 3 Answer Choices If you can eliminate three answer choices, you’re in a great place! This will give you a one-in-two shot of choosing the correct answer, which, over time will get you: 1+1(−0.25) 1−0.25 0.75 points for every two questions you can answer this way. Go you! Eliminating 4 Answer Choices If you can confidently eliminate four answer options, then celebrate! No need for guessing hereyou’ve found the correct answer. But how exactly do you go about eliminating answer choices? Let’s take a look. Guessing Strategy 2: Approximating If you have even a general idea of what the right answer might be (even a ballpark figure will do), you will often be able to eliminate one or two of the most blatant outliers. Though the answer choices are most often generated based on common student errors or closely related values, there will still generally be answer choices that are way far afield. Let’s take a look at this in action. Don’t worry about actually solving the problem, just give yourself enough of a ballpark to see if you can eliminate one or two answer choices. Garcia won by a ratio of 5:3, which means that Pà ©rez must have lost, but not by a landslide. First, let’s divide the total number of votes in half. 120,0002 60,000 Pà ©rez received fewer than half the total votes, but again, not by too terribly much. At a rough estimate, let's say that Pà ©rez probably received about 40,000 votes. Again, less than 60,000 (half), but not nearly so small as 15,000. Just with this ballpark figure, we can eliminate answer choices A, D, and E. We are left with answer choices B and C. Even if you didn’t understand how to work with ratios, you would still be in a good place to guess at this point. You now have a 50-50 chance of getting the right answer between the two options just from approximating what the correct answer might be. [Note: the correct answer is C, 45,000.] You can also approximate answers on geometric figures on the test. Unless noted otherwise, all figures will be to scale, and you can make a ballpark guess as to their size and angles. Because there is no note to indicate otherwise, we know the figure must be to scale. Just by glancing at the triangle ABO, we can see that angle ABO must be larger than 15 ° and less than 90 °. We can definitively eliminate two answer choices, which leaves us with threeB, C, and D. This is enough to make a guess. But we can even go further. Considering all the angles in the triangle look about the same, we can make an educated guess between our three options. Angle ABO looks about equal to angles BAO and BOA, and we know that there are 180 ° in a triangle. Knowing this, we can make a guess that the answer is D, 60 °, without making any bit of effort to actually solve the problem. [Note: the correct answer is indeed D, 60 °.] The more you can whittle away obviously wrong answers, the better the odds will be of you grabbing thatright answer choice. Guessing Strategy 3: Avoiding Temptation The test is designed around the statistically average student, and many of the answer choices are generated based on common student errors. People have a tendency to fall into predictable thinking patterns, and the SAT is, in part, designed to lure you to fall for traps that the average student falls for again and again. Often, what makes an answer difficult is the wording and the bait answer choices, rather than the difficulty of the mathematical material being tested.So if you look at a question in the medium or difficult range that looks easy oreven worseobvious, it may just be too good to be true. If an answer choice seems immediately appealing, especially on a difficult question, it’s likely a trap. Think about how many other students would have felt the same way on trial tests. Don’t be that person and try not to let yourself fall for the booby traps. This question is near the end of a math section, which means that the test-makers consider it â€Å"medium-difficult.† Knowing this, the answer is probably NOT going to be simple or obvious. If you don’t have a clue as to how to solve the problem, you can still narrow down your answer choices. Consider that we are working with the difference of 4 people vs. 3 people, which means that it is highly unlikely that the correct answer will be x4 or x3. Those answers look too obvious and tempting to be trusted. We can probably also discard answer choice E, 7x. Not always but most of the time, if an answer doesn’t look anything like the other answer choices, there’s a very good chance it is incorrect, and you can discard it. The rest of our answers are in fractions and E is the only answer that is purely a multiple. Let us, therefore, get rid of it. By discarding both the tempting answer choices and the outlier, we are left with two options, answer choices A and D. This gives us a 50-50 chance of getting the right answer and is a good time to guess. [Note: the correct answer is A, x12.] Let's take a look at another example. This is the last question in a math section, which means it is the hardest question (or one of the hardest questions) on the test. With that in mind, the correct answer will NOT be the most obvious. There are two X-marked offices and four offices total. The X’s, therefore, make up half of the total number of offices, which is something we can see right at a glance. This means that the answer is NOT going to be E, 12that is way too obvious to be correct. Considering there are four offices total, it is also safe to guess that the answer is not D, 14 either, as that is still too obvious an answer for question 20 of 20. To solve any problem that is last on a math section, we will need to go through at least two or three math steps. We therefore know the problem will be more complex than simply using the number of offices as the denominator. Even without knowing anything about probabilities, we have narrowed down our options to A, B, or C. It is now a safe time to guess, so we can go ahead and pick an answer. [Note: the correct answer is C, 16] You did it! Now go forth and conquer. The Take-Aways Though it is very useful to know how to actually solve your SAT math problems, we’ve seen that it is not always necessary. Though you shouldn’t guess on every SAT math question, it can help your scores to do so on occasion. Just remember to always employ your guessing strategies when you are forced to make a guess, and take a deep breath. Sometimes you will be able to eliminate enough answer choices to make a final guess and sometimes you'll have to leave the question blank, and that's okay. You probably know more about the math topic in question than you think, and you probably know enough to at least eliminate an answer choice or two, even if you’re feeling overwhelmed. Don’t force yourself to answer questions you don’t feel comfortable answering, but don’t doubt your skills to eliminate possible answer choices either. Pretty soon you’ll be beating the odds and boosting your scores more than ever before. What’s Next? Still not satisfied with your SAT math scores? Improve your individual SAT math topic skills by working through ourindividual math topic guides. In each guide, we willwalk you through the definitions of each topic, the formulas you'll need, and how you'll see the questions on the SAT math section, as well as give you real SAT math problems (and answer explanations) for you to practice your skills on. Been procrastinating on your SAT prep? If you've found yourself in a procrastination rut, check out our guide on how to stop procrastinating so you can get back on that study wagon. Aiming for a perfect score? If you're looking to score a perfect 800 on your SAT math section, then look no further than our guide to getting an 800 on the SAT math, written by a perfect-scorer. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Math strategy guide, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

The Internets Involvement in Society essays

The Internets Involvement in Society essays The Internet is a new revolution to all of mankind. People are using computers for tasks unimaginable ten years ago. This paper will share with you ideas on computer use and the Internet in the twenty- first century. The Internet, introduced to consumers in 1996, has grown immensely over the past four years. Other technologies took up to thirty-eight years to reach fifty million people. The Internet only took four years to reach well over fifty million users. The Internet's extreme rate of growth will continue while we have no idea where it will take us. The Internet is becoming the most important tool to humans today. There are many different uses for every kind of person. For instance, online banking saves time and money over traditional banking. Small businesses have been rewriting the rules to commerce with the use of the Internet. Kendra Bonnett states: Just three years ago a study for Internet commerce estimated that thirty-seven million people in North America (age sixteen and older) had access to the Internet. Among this group, twenty-four million reported that they have used the Internet during the last three months, and only seven percent have purchased products or services over the Internet. (An IBM guide to doing e-business, 2000, p. 9) The number of people involved with the Internet is what makes it such a success. The Internet will continue to grow while people find more uses for it every day. It is able to find information on any topic imagined at your greatest convenience. As the Internet keeps growing, problems continue growing as well. With the help of the Internet, people are distributing copyrighted data for a profit. This is data that should be sold in the retail market. Examples would be musical files, games, and applications. Stefan Ventroni (2000), an attorney for Hit Box Music, believes that the rights of creative artists are being trampled on because of the Internet (p.1). Each albu...

Gender Relations in Corporate China and Islamic State Essay

Gender Relations in Corporate China and Islamic State - Essay Example Hence, women are convinced to abandon their children, families, and friends for the course of the IS. The Islamic State attracts women into its ranks by claiming that it has opened up democratic space and created a nationalistic and ethnically and racially diverse and orderly society at peace with itself. Through these campaigns and the lure of a society built on Islamic norms, the Islamic State has attracted women and elevated their perceived roles (Hammer, 130). These appeals have made the IS women feel that their historical disempowerment problems will be solved by the Islamic State. What is not apparent as at now is whether all these promises by the Islamic State are just utopia to allure women into its ranks. Gender Relations in Corporate China Since historical times, men have always been the head of the family and by extension, society in China. For instance, every family lineage in China would be linked only through male figures. Ironically, in the old days, Chinese women were only kept in records whenever they made some trouble. Confucianism teachings also greatly affected the role of Chinese women. Luckily, the role and relations with women have slightly changed in the current corporate China. Incorporate China, women continue to encounter changes and are increasingly climbing the social, political, and professional ladders to heights never seen in the traditional setting (Hu, 131). However, women are still not equally represented at the top of Chinese corporate world as Chinese men.

Launching new product Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Launching new product - Essay Example Items like Sandwiches are very much into the ordering list of the customers. These sandwiches, burgers were found to be major source of excess calories and fat which elevates the normal physic to obese. Recently these alarming issues has spurred up many fast food retail chain to gear up for new food products which are low calories and low fat content. Keeping in view the changes in the food choice it is essential for any food outlet to introduce a new and innovated product to retain and enhance the performance of the food chain. Panera has conceptualized a new sandwich with new features to entice the health conscious customers. The Panera management basically concentrated on reducing the fat and calories contents of the Sandwiches. The sandwiches needs to served with thin slices of meat loafs with more vegetables with fibre contents and less fat. The vegetables will certainly increase the weight of the sandwich and regulate the fat and calorie content thus making it more health conscious food. The sandwiches components can be encouraged for big catering places like schools and college. As providing healthy food can be an added feature for any institution we need to oblige the managements to include our product. When we are catering our products to youth we need to concentrate more on garnish to make it look as a trendy dish. Garnishing with vegetables like carrots, leafy vegetables makes it more colorful and provides health food.

What the main factors of party choice were in the visegrad countries Assignment

What the main factors of party choice were in the visegrad countries - Assignment Example Voters then cast their votes not on the base of political parties but rather on the performance of their leaders that could be categorized as clientelistic and leader centered political culture compared to a majoritarian or consensus-oriented political system. It can be contrasted to Czech Republic where it manifests an extreme party-centric behavior of its voters. This can be attributed to their highly organized political parties as it manifests strongest ideological voting than the Nordic countries or the Netherlands. Unlike in Hungary where voters casts their ballots based on the performance of their leaders, Czech Republic on the other hand vote base on party ideology regardless of its leaders. This can also be partially attributed to the retention of orthodox communist party in the electoral arena making the electorate ideologically conscious. Poland on the other hand is neither of the two and this can be attributed to its highly fragmented political parties and institutional design whereby its institutions are closest to the consensus democracy type. The combination of diaspora among its political centers and consensus base political system among its political parties made it the only European country that is similar to that of the hybrid type constituted by Mexico and United States compared to Scandinavian-Israeli-Czech end-point differentiation. This results to a voting pattern that shows variance from the other countries in Visegrad such as Czech Republic and Hungary (Slovakia is not extensively covered in the study). Slovakia may not have been extensively covered in the study but its political system shares the same attribute with Poland which is also highly fragmented where its numbers are â€Å"excessive†. Thus, one can surmise that Slovakia will tend to be more consensus type in its voting pattern inferring to the factor that

Principles of Assessment Essay Example for Free

Principles of Assessment Essay Educational assessment is the process of documenting, usually in measurable terms, knowledge, skills, attitudes and beliefs. Assessment can focus on the individual learner, the learning community (class, workshop, or other organized group of learners), the institution, or the educational system as a whole. According to the Academic Exchange Quarterly: Studies of a theoretical or empirical nature (including case studies, portfolio studies, exploratory, or experimental work) addressing the assessment of learner aptitude and preparation, motivation and learning styles, learning outcomes in achievement and satisfaction in different educational contexts are all welcome, as are studies addressing issues of measurable standards and benchmarks. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Educational_assessment Some of the key concepts of assessment are as follows: * Accountability * Achievement * Assessment Strategies. * Initial, Formative or Summative types Accountability means that I am answerable to my learners and my organisation to ensure that I am performing my role as an assessor correctly. I always let my learners know when they are going to be assessed and how they will meet the criteria. Achievement- I will look at what the learner has achieved while they have been doing the course and compare this with the standards to ensure they have been fully met. Assessment Strategy- I follow my organisations assessment strategy for the subject I am assessing to ensure I am carrying out my role correctly. The assessment strategy I follow for NVQ2 in Cleaning is: * UPK questions * Observations * Progress Review * Supplementary questions * Exit Interview. The qualifications and experience I require are A1 V1 and experience in the cleaning industry. Formal Assessment * Ongoing during a course * It enables progress to be regularly monitored and reviewed * The student can see what they need to develop further before a final assessment * A student can identify gaps in their learning * It shows a student how much they have learnt so far which encourages and motivates them Methods of Formal Assessment. * Tracking Sheet * Observations * Tutorials * Midway Review * Oral Questions Summative Assessment * Usually taken at the end of the course * Usually leads to a pass/fail situation * Tests whether performance criteria have been met Methods of Summative Assessment * Exit Interview * Portfolio Completion * Demonstration * Summative Testing * Evaluation Form â€Å"Summative assessment takes place at the end of a course or topic and is used mainly for certification purposes. It is used to see if a student has learned the material and is capable of going on to further study. † Formative assessment is most suitable where the results are to be used internally for example: Teachers to ensure learning has taken place and for improving methods of instruction and for students to have an idea of their success etc whilst summative assessment can be set by the teacher or by an awarding body/examination body. When making a summative decision I confirm to my learners that they have met the criteria. They may receive a certificate as with NVQ2 or progress further with their training. Summative assessment takes place at the end of a course or topic and is used mainly for certification purposes. Formative assessment, on the other hand, takes place during the course and is useful in telling the student how the learning is proceeding. Reece Walker 2007p323. STRENGTHS WEAKNESSESS Formative Assessment Formative Assessment Role Play Make learners uncomfortable Physical demonstration of ability Embarrassed Not Realistic Summative Assessment Summative Assessment Demonstration Make learners feel uncomfortable Authentic Realistic Valid The assessment practice starts with initial assessment before the course starts. It may happen at pre- entry, entry or induction stage. The initial assessment will inform you about the learner’s prior knowledge, skills, qualifications, learning styles and any support learner may need. When you have found out the current level of ability you can then set goals, plan future learning and assessment. There are different types of initial assessment: Enrolment Form- shows what qualifications the learner has if they have special needs. Interview when you interview the learner you will be able to ask many questions. Skills Scan the skills scan will tell you if the learner is in employment what there job requires and if they will need additional training. Diagnostic Tests will inform you if the learner has difficulty in reading or writing. You may be able to tell if a person has dyslexia as they will have blurred vision, suffer from headaches when reading and they find it easier to read large print. To help them with reading you can print on to coloured paper or have a coloured overlay. 10% of the British population are dyslexic, 4% severely. Dyslexia is identified as a disability as defined in the Disability Discrimination Act 2005. Some of the famous people who suffer from dyslexia are: Albert Einstein Tom Cruise Henry Winkler. Vince Vaughn (British dyslexia Association www. bdadyslexia. org. uk, (11/07/11 I have taught learners who have learning difficulties including deaf people, people who have difficulty in reading and writing and understanding. ILP It states on the ILP what qualifications a learner has, the results of diagnostic tests and if they require additional support, what units they are doing, midway review and exit interview. Learning styles is recognising individuality in your class it is the way in which learners begin to concentrate on and process and retain new and difficult information. There are different types of learning styles: David Kolb’s Converger, Diverger, Assimilator, Accommodator Honey and Mumford’s Having an Experience, Reviewing Experience, Concluding from Experience Planning next steps Fleming Vak/Varks Visual, Auditory, read/write, Kinaesthetic. Wikipedia the free encyclopaedia En. wikipedia. org/wiki/learning styles 11/07/011 Learning style is the way that you absorb information 1 We decode 2 How you store information 3 Recall information Learning style is how we receive and recall information. We can absorb information through our senses, hearing, seeing and doing. In my role I use all of the styles of Fleming. In further education if there is no initial assessment this will disadvantage the learners as they may be placed on the wrong program or course, which will lead to lack of interest and little motivation if any, they may not get additional support and the teacher will have no baseline to assess their progress. Peer and Self Assessment Self or Peer Assessment is a process whereby students or their peers grade assignments or tests based on a teacher’s benchmarks. [1] The practise is employed to save teachers time and improve students understanding of course materials as well as improve their metacognitive skills. Rubrics are often used in conjunction with Self- and Peer-Assessment. [2] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Self-_and_Peer-Assessment 12/07/11 Peer assessment is when the learners or colleagues assess another learners or colleagues progress. It is used to develop learner’s ability to work as a group and to be critical of others work as well as receiving review and comment. Self assessment is when you assess your own progress. Both methods encourage the learners to make decisions on what they have learnt so far and to reflect on future development. The learners need to know the criteria fully. Advantages Disadvantages Peer Assessment Peer Assessment Can reduce the amount of teacher assessment. All peers need to be involved So planning needs to take place As who gives feedback and to Whom. Learners may accept comments from peers Appropriate conditions and More willingly than from the assessor environment are needed Promotes learner and peer involvement some peers may be anxious, Nervous or have lack of confidence To give feedback. Self Assessment Self Assessment Encourages learners to check Difficult to be objective when Their own progress making a decision Encourages reflection Learners need to fully understand Promotes learner involvement the assessment criteria. And personal responsibilities some learners may lack Confidence in their ability to make Decisions about their own progress What research tells us? * Giving feedback on learning errors and getting the learner to correct them and identify strategies to improve future work is directly linked to significant improvement in achievement rates. (Professor John Hattie, 2002) Assessment should involve both teacher and learners in checking and reflection. Feedback is very important not only to learners but to the teachers from the feedback teachers can decide whether they have to change anything. Feedback and Questioning Feedback is information we give our learners to let them know what they have achieved to date and how they can develop further all learners need to know how they are progressing and what they have achieved. Feedback can be both formative and summative. Formative is ongoing and includes praise and encouragement. Summative is at the end has the learner achieved to specific criteria. Feedback should be a two-way process allowing discussion and questions. Most people need encouragement to tell them how well they have done or how well they are doing when you give feedback you should give praise first then how they can improve then end on a positive note to give them motivation. This is known as the praise sandwich. http://www. google. co. uk/search? q=feedback+sandwichhl=enprmd=ivnsbsource=lnmstbm=ischei=vXQcTsrxHNKwhQepndXdBwsa=Xoi=m 12/07/11 The advantages of giving feedback are: Confirms achievement, success or otherwise Creates opportunities for explaining and discussion Highlights progress rather than failure. Helps improve confidence and motivation Identifies further learning opportunities or any action required. Feedback should be given as soon as possible after the assessment while the information is still fresh. Questioning can be used formally and informally as part of the feedback to ensure the learner understands what has been said. My response should question appropriate questioning skills so the feedback is effective to the learner. Questioning skills include: * Using open questions (usually beginning with who, what, when, where, why and how). * Using closed questions (only requiring a yes or no answer). * Clarifying (for example can you go over that again? ). * Probing (for example why was that? ) * Prompting (for example what about†¦? ) Feedback should were possible be positive negative feedback presents learners with difficult and unachievable targets or naming and making learners embarrassed in the classroom. You should never criticise always praise and if the teacher makes a mistake he/she should be honest and apologise. Record Keeping Accurate records that are taken through out a course enable the teacher and learner to continually assess the effectiveness of the teacher/learner relationship. Records indicate whether pupils are learning what they are being taught and their progression with the course, records can tell you which learners may need a little more help, and whether a teacher needs to refine any aspects of their teaching. Maintaining attendance records can give an idea of where learners may fall behind through their learning. Being able to identify learners attendance can indicate problems which may benefit from referral to other professional bodies, or a learner may be unhappy with the teaching style or the course they have chosen. As well as a register a tracking sheet of all learners names, forming columns starting with a date, the assessment and a column for a pass or refer, in cleaning you are competent or not yet competent. These tracking sheets are recorded and form part of the learner’s portfolio along with any practical tasks and also a guide for the learners to follow through their course. When learners begin their course its good for them to have their own individual learning plan as a teacher its good to have our own individual teaching plan. A session plan should relate to the scheme of work, it helps to record your aims and objectives, assessment activities and self evaluation. It can also help to assess your learners. As a teacher my responsibility is to teach and guide and assess my learners. Records can be used as a guide for learners focusing on their learning strengths and weaknesses, where they do well or could do better. There are organisational records and external records. Organisational records: * Enrolment form * ILP * Learners record of achievement * Peer group feedback * Tutor feedback * Incident report * Observation records. * Contact Logs The types of records I use are: * Enrolment form * ILP * Learners record of achievement * Observation records * Contact Logs â€Å"You need to keep records of how your learners are progressing. If you mark a test or observe a task, how can you prove your learner has achieved something if they lose their work†? (Gravells 2008p88) JOIN NOW FOR FREE RATIONALE METHODOLOGY Wishing to gain a broad balance to my teaching experience, I started working as an assessor at Swan Training Group. The following assignment will cover the following areas: Negotiating with learners Inclusive learning. Integrating Functional skills Communication I have researched all of the above and this written assignment will be a short overview of the main areas using examples from both research and personal experience. Negotiating with learners is a form of communication where cooperation is established so that the learner and tutor agree on the learner’s goals; negotiation is the process of two individuals or groups reaching a joint agreement. When you have got all the information via initial assessment at the start of the course it is important to agree on goals and actions based on the information. The learner should be encouraged through negotiation to take control and responsibility for their own learning by contributing in discussions and decisions about their learning and how this will develop. Also in initial assessment you can include tests for literacy and numeracy to see what level learner is at and if they will require additional help. In my specialist area I integrate functional skills as the learners need to use literacy and numeracy to read labels and dilute chemicals, complete upk questions, order supplies, complete holiday sheets. Inclusive learning is described as recognising, accommodating and meeting the learner’s needs of all of the students and supporting them in the learning environment. All learners are allowed to take part in their chosen subject and should be placed in the best possible environment regardless of their gender, race, ethnic origin, religion, disability, sexual orientation and age. Communication is very important and we not only communicate by speaking we communicate through our eyes, gestures and body language. There are also many barriers to communication such as: Family Commitments Lack of Resources Lack of Support. Peer Pressure Emotional Disability and many more. To overcome these barriers you must be honest with the learners if you do not know something you should tell them you will find out, be positive and enthusiastic, communicate effectively and give constructive and positive feedback. I am learner centred as I pay attention to what the learner is learning, how they are learning, whether the student is retaining and applying the learning. I like to teach this way so all of the learners can participate and differences between learners are accommodated so that all in the group have the best possible chance of learning.